Open Interest Profile (OI)- By LeviathanThis script implements the concept of Open Interest Profile, which can help you analyze the activity of traders and identify the price levels where they are opening/closing their positions. This data can serve as a confluence for finding the areas of support and resistance , targets and placing stop losses. OI profiles can be viewed in the ranges of days, weeks, months, Tokyo sessions, London sessions and New York sessions.
A short introduction to Open Interest
Open Interest is a metric that measures the total amount of open derivatives contracts in a specific market at a given time. A valid contract is formed by both a buyer who opens a long position and a seller who opens a short position. This means that OI represents the total value of all open longs and all open shorts, divided by two. For example, if Open Interest is showing a value of $1B, it means that there is $1B worth of long and $1B worth of short contracts currently open/unsettled in a given market.
OI increasing = new long and short contracts are entering the market
OI decreasing = long and short contracts are exiting the market
OI unchanged = the net amount of positions remains the same (no new entries/exits or just a transfer of contracts occurring)
About this indicator
*This script is basically a modified version of my previous "Market Sessions and Volume Profile by @LeviathanCapital" indicator but this time, profiles are generated from Tradingview Open Interest data instead of volume (+ some other changes).
The usual representation of OI shows Open Interest value and its change based on time (for a particular day, time frame or each given candle). This indicator takes the data and plots it in a way where you can see the OI activity (change in OI) based on price levels. To put it simply, instead of observing WHEN (time) positions are entering/exiting the market, you can now see WHERE (price) positions are entering/exiting the market. This is the same concept as when it comes to Volume and Volume profile and therefore, similar strategies and ways of understanding the given data can be applied here. You can even combine the two to gain an edge (eg. high OI increase + Volume Profile showing dominant market selling = possible aggressive shorts taking place)
Green nodes = OI increase
Red nodes = OI decrease
A cluster of large green nodes can be used for support and resistance levels (*trapped traders theory) or targets (lots of liquidations and stop losses above/below), OI Profile gaps can present an objective for the price to fill them (liquidity gaps, imbalances, inefficiencies, etc), and more.
Indicator settings
1. Session/Lookback - Choose the range from where the OI Profile will be generated
2. OI Profile Mode - Mode 1 (shows only OI increase), Mode 2 (shows both OI increase and decrease), Mode 3 (shows OI decrease on left side and OI increase on the right side).
3. Show OI Value Area - Shows the area where most OI activity took place (useful as a range or S/R level )
4. Show Session Box - Shows the box around chosen sessions/lookback
5. Show Profile - Show/hide OI Profile
6. Show Current Session - Show/hide the ongoing session
7. Show Session Labels - Show/hide the text labels for each session
8. Resolution - The higher the value, the more refined a profile is, but fewer profiles are shown on the chart
9. OI Value Area % - Choose the percentage of VA (same as in Volume Profile's VA)
10. Smooth OI Data - Useful for assets that have very large spikes in OI over large bars, helps create better profiles
11. OI Increase - Pick the color of OI increase nodes in the profile
12. OI Decrease - Pick the color of OI decrease nodes in the profile
13. Value Area Box - Pick the color of the Value Area Box
14. Session Box Thickness - Pick the thickness of the lines surrounding the chosen sessions
Advice
The indicator calculates the profile based on candles - the more candles you can show, the better profile will be formed. This means that it's best to view most sessions on timeframes like 15min or lower. The only exception is the Monthly profile, where timeframes above 15min should be used. Just take a few minutes and switch between timeframes and sessions and you will figure out the optimal settings.
This is the first version of Open Interest Profile script so please understand that it will be improved in future updates.
Thank you for your support.
** Some profile generation elements are inspired by @LonesomeTheBlue's volume profile script
CVD
Volume CVD and Open Interest HeatmapTaking Volume and Open Interest data to the next level of visualization I created a 'heatmap'. The indicator uses a colour gradient and plots boxes from the source candle to the current candle with one of the following data sources:
- Volume - the total volume of transactions, buys and sells
- Up Volume - the total volume from buys only
- Down Volume - the total volume from sells only
- Up/Down Volume (Net) - the difference in the Buy Volume and Sell Volume
- Cumulative Delta - the sum of the up/down volume for the previous 14 bars
- Cumulative Delta EMA - a smoothed average of the sum of the up/down volume for the previous 14 bars, over a 14 period EMA
- Open Interest - a user defined ticker, whose value is added to the plot, while this is designed to be used with Open Interest tickers, you can actually choose any ticker you want, perhaps you want to see DXY while charting Bitcoin!
You can define the lookback period, though you should make sure your timeframe for volume source data, is high enough to accommodate the lookback. TradingView will only fetch 5000 candles worth of data, so at 1 min volume data, you can only lookback 83 hours.
While similar, Volume and Open Interest are not the same. To me the simplest explanation is Volume shows the trades that have been executed and the buy/sell direction, while Open Interest shows the value of open trades that are yet to be completed.
Volume shows strength, sentiment and volatility .
Open Interest does not show direction, but does indicate momentum and liquidity in the market.
With this novel way of visualizing these, you can also now determine where all that liquidity and positions came from and therefore might have resting liquidity below.
Volume CVD and Open InterestVolume, Cumulative Delta Volume and Open Interest are great indications of strength and sentiment in the market. Until now they have required separate indicators, but this indicator can show them all.
With a clean and aesthetic plot, this indicator has the option to choose the data source:
- Volume - the total volume of transactions, buys and sells
- Up Volume - the total volume from buys only
- Down Volume - the total volume from sells only
- Up/Down Volume (Net) - the difference in the Buy Volume and Sell Volume
- Cumulative Delta - the sum of the up/down volume for the previous 14 bars
- Cumulative Delta EMA - a smoothed average of the sum of the up/down volume for the previous 14 bars, over a 14 period EMA
- Open Interest - a user defined ticker, whose value is added to the plot, while this is designed to be used with Open Interest tickers, you can actually choose any ticker you want, perhaps you want to see DXY while charting Bitcoin!
There are several customization features for the colour of the plot, with a nice gradient colouring from high to low. You can choose the lookback which defines only the highest and lowest values for the colour gradient. There is also an option for how the Open Interest value is determined, based on Close, Open or differences between previous values.
While similar, Volume and Open Interest are not the same. To me the simplest explanation is Volume shows the trades that have been executed and the buy/sell direction, while Open Interest shows the value of open trades that are yet to be completed.
Volume shows strength, sentiment and volatility.
Open Interest does not show direction, but does indicate momentum and liquidity in the market.
filbfilbs Better OBVThis indicator looks at the delta on the buying and selling volume of customizable lower timeframes to the timeframe selected and cumulates the delta between the buying and selling of those candles.
For example on a 4-hour chart, it will look at the 1 min timeframes and consider the delta by LTF candle, ranter than the summised view on the 4-hour.
In essence, it is trying to replicate CVD using time and price data without the order book, it becomes a "better, lower timeframe based, customizable OBV"
It also prints divergence as squares above or below the chart, where, for example, there would be buying on LTFs but the HTF candle closes red, this would be shown as bearish divergence.
Credit to Trading view and their up / down indicator, which this is a derivative of.
Any questions please ask!
Realtime Cumulative DeltaThis is a Real time volume Delta indicator which has to run real time on the chart to capture observation.
Start it when the session starts and log the data and observe. It plots histograms as well as candlesticks of the the cumulative volume delta, from the style switch whichever you want.
It is done based on real time tick and not based on candlesticks, so the accuracy of volume delta is more. Uptick volumes are added as buy and downtick volumes as sell which is the actual way of calculating CVD
Apply the CVD concepts for trading results.
Aggregated Delta (Buy/Sell) Volume - InFinito||||||||||||||||CREDITS||||||||||||||||
Modified & Updated script from MARKET VOLUME by Ricardo M Arjona @XeL_Arjona that Includes Aggregated Volume , Delta Volume , Volume by Side
Aggregation code originally from Crypt0rus
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- Calculated based on Aggregated Volume instead of by symbol volume . Using aggregated data makes it more accurate and allows to compare volume flow between different kinds of markets (Spot, Futures , Perpetuals, Futures+Perpetuals and All Volume ).
- As well, in order to make the data as accurate as possible, the data from each exchange aggregated is normalized to report always in terms of 1 BTC . In case this indicator is used for another symbol, the calculations can be adjusted manually to make it always report data in terms of 1 contract/coin.
- The indicator can be used for any coin/symbol to aggregate volume , but it has to be set up manually
- The indicator can be used with specific symbol data only by disabling the aggregation option, which allows for it to be used on any symbol
- Previously Included with "Aggr. CDV / Delta Volume" this functionality has been removed from the latter indicator for functionality and simplicity purposes.
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Aggregated Delta Volume: Based off Xel_Arjona's calculation, buy and sell volume is estimated each period. This indicators can display both Buy Volume and Sell Volume for each period.
By Default, this indicator displays Delta Volume by side, which is the difference between the estimated buy and sell volume.
By checking the Option "Show all volume by side", instead of the Delta volume, all Buy and Sell Volume will be displayed by side
Singular and Cumulative Volume Delta (SVD+CVD)This a Volume Delta indicator with Cumulative Volume Delta.
I have been studying Volume Delta and CVD trading strategies and indicator styles.
This implementation was developed to test a basic trailing window / oscillator approach.
Script has been republished as public and searchable.
Changelog from private era follows.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Added option to use EMA/SMA based cumulation. This will not scale well with singular data, so default view is still SUM.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Outdated comment correction.
Jun 9 (2022)
Release Notes:
Added default option to normalilze visual scale of MA cumulation types. The averaging creates a singular value sized results, instead of a range-sums. This multiples that candle result by the range length to get a range-sum sized result.
Added option to scale the cumulation size relative to the volume size. 1-to-1 scaling creates singular deltas that can be hard to see with all options on. This allows you to beef them up for visual or weighting purposes.
Jun 15 (2022)
Release Notes: * Added break even level for current delta. Tells where current delta must land for cumulative delta to stay flat.
* Added comparison of historical cumulative levels to current level. The historical levels are the initial values going into current accumulation window.
* Changed title of indicator to be more generic, clear, and searchable.
Jun 15 (2022)
Release Notes: * Added option to have the cumulation cutoff line AFTER or OVER the end of the cumulation window. This change is to ensure the indicator clearly documents it's behavior and avoids confusion on this / last cumulation window semantics.
* Bugfix: Initial levels were pulled from cumulation line which was AFTER end of window. This has been changed to the initial values INSIDE the cumulation window.
* Code cleanup.
June 17th (2022)
Release Notes: Marked as beta because TV confirmed they no longer allow private scripts to be changed to public. (Despite lingering documentation that says otherwise.
June 17th (2022)
Re-published as public.
Aggr. CDV / Delta Volume - InFinitoModified & Updated script from MARKET VOLUME by Ricardo M Arjona @XeL_Arjona that Includes Aggregated Volume, Delta Volume, Volume by Side
Aggregation code originally from Crypt0rus
Candle Plotting code from LonesomeTheBlue
***The indicator can be used for any coin/symbol to aggregate volume , but it has to be set up manually***
***The indicator can be used with specific symbol data only by disabling the aggregation option, which allows for it to be used on any symbol***
- Calculated based on Aggregated Volume instead of by symbol volume . Using aggregated data makes it more accurate and allows to compare volume flow between different kinds of markets (Spot, Futures , Perpetuals, Futures+Perpetuals and All Volume ).
- As well, in order to make the data as accurate as possible, the data from each exchange aggregated is normalized to report always in terms of 1 BTC . In case this indicator is used for another symbol, the calculations can be adjusted manually to make it always report data in terms of 1 contract/coin.
All Aggregated Volume By Side: Based of Xel_Arjona's calculation, buy and sell volume is estimated each period. This indicators can display both Buy Volume and Sell Volume for each period.
Aggregated Delta Volume By Side: Displays the difference between Buy & Sell Volume as Delta (Down if Sell Vol - Up if Buy Vol)
Aggregated Cumulative Delta Volume: Displays the sum of Delta Volume as a line, candles or Heiken Aishi Candles. Great for observing Volume Flow and spotting divergences
- It is Possible to add an MA to the CVD and to color fill in between the indicator and the MA
- It is possible to reset the indicators basis to 0 periodically
Aggregated On Balance Volume - InFinitoOn Balance Volume calculated with aggregated and normalized volume data and a few other features:
Aggregation code originally from Crypt0rus
Candle Plotting code from LonesomeTheBlue
***The indicator can be used for any coin/symbol to aggregate volume, but it has to be set up manually***
As normal OBV, this indicator can be used to find divergences and to have an idea of volume flow. Using aggregated data makes it more accurate and allows to compare volume flow between different kinds of markets (Spot, Futures, Perpetuals, Futures+Perpetuals and All Volume).
As well, in order to make the data as accurate as possible, the data from each exchange aggregated is normalized to report always in terms of 1 BTC. In case this indicator is used for another symbol, the calculations can be adjusted manually to make it always report data in terms of 1 contract/coin.
Extra features:
- Based off LonesomeTheBlue, OBV can be plotted as candles and as Heiken Aishi candles (which give wick information)
- A Moving Average (SMA, EMA, WMA, RMA, VWMA) can be plotted to the OBV. This can be used as a confluent signal to enter a trade on a crossover or to know the strength of the current move.
- The OBV basis can be reset to 0 periodically, making it more oscillator-like and allowing to focus only on a certain period of time.
Net Positions + SpaceManBTCNet Positions + SpaceManBTC
Includes 4 total features, for traders to help identify the positioning of participants.
Net Longs
Net Shorts
NL/NS
'CVD' Sessions
The indicator can be used to spot large positions occuring, e.g. large long positions, and how they can influence the market such as long positions opening towards a swing high can be seen, price moving away from said positions can lead to longs being squeezed when moving away.
Alternatively the diverging positions between Longs and Shorts can be useful,
This is bette represented in the 'CVD' replication feature.
The use of CVD can be done to show 3 things, Exhaustion, Absoprtion or strength.
Exhaustion and Absoprtion being shown with divergences.
Exhaustion in CVD is represented in, Higher highs in price but CVD produces a lower high (reverse for the opposite), this indicates a lack of participants in this case buyers which can signal a reversal.
Absorption in the case of CVD represented by, Higher highs in CVD but price produces a lower high, shows that aggressive buying and selling is being absorbed by the heavier hand in the market, limit orders. Likely reversion and has more weighting than exhuastion.
Strength can be represented with CVD following price e.g. an uptrend with higher highs and lows showing the same in CVD.
Anchored OBV SpaceManBTC Anchored OBV SpaceManBTC
The On Balance Volume indicator (OBV) is used in technical analysis to measure buying and selling pressure.
On Balance volume is primarily used to confirm or identify overall price trends or to anticipate price movements after divergences.
Anchored On Balance Volume unlike traditional OBV resets on your specified sessions: D, W, M, 3M, 4M, 6M, 1Y.
The actionable data is more useful HTF to see a potential long term trend change relative to the session reset chosen.
User can choose to disable highlightable session reset.
Recommended settings:
Daily tf with 3Month session pretty useful for the run so far. But please experiment away and share your results!
ToDo:
Non Reset Functionality,
Perhaps more timeframes
Cumulative Volume OscillatorCVO: Cumulative Volume Oscillator allows you to choose between 3 types of oscillators based on volume indicators:
-OBV (On Balance Volume)
-CVD (Cumulative Volume Delta)
-PVT (Price Volume Trend)
Being a volume based oscillator this indicator allows for the detection of divergences between price action and volume, ideal for predicting reversals.
As an oscillator you can choose the length of the fast & slow EMAs, and a signal line is provided for trend following.
Recent Trades - Real-Time Volume AnalysisRecent Trades - Real-Time Volume Analysis 📈
Another orderflow tool to add to the arsenal.
It works with trading pairs with volume data (i.e. it doesn't work for price indexes).
It is independent of the chart timeframe.
The interval can be set to a value between 1 to 1440 minutes (check settings).
It is possible to choose a different symbol than the one on the current chart (check settings).
This makes it easy to analyze multiple pairs at once .
Volume Chart
The Volume Chart shows the last 100 trades.
The chart scale can be either standard or zero-centred, and it can be compact or take the whole main chart area.
Trades Counter
The Trades Counter shows the Ratio of Buys and Sells for the chosen interval.
The % Percentage value for Buys & Sells, the trades Size and their number are also shown.
Trades Feed
The Trades Feed can show up to 50 recent trades (check settings).
The Trades can be filtered by min & max limits.
Set min & max values and type of trade to filter the Large Trades. They can be highlighted in the feed.
The Trades Feed colours may not work on some OSystems (e.g. Mac). It can be fixed in settings.
▪ Available trade info:
- elapsed Time since the trade was recorded
- Price at which the trade was executed
- Size of the trade
▪ Various Metrics are available at the bottom:
- Chosen Interval
- Chosen Symbol (Exchange & Pair)
- CVD direction
- Volume Delta amount
- Buys & Sells Ratio
- Total Trades and their Speed
- Total Volume and its Speed
- Number of Significant Trades, their % Percentage and their Speed
- Total Significant Volume, its % Percentage and its Speed
▪ The Numbers are formatted for better reading.
▪ Alerts:
- CVD direction change (⚠️this can trigger too often)
- Ratio level +/-
- Buy Volume - % Percent
- Sell Volume - % Percent
- New Trade (⚠️this can trigger too often if the volume is not filtered)
- Trades - Speed Limit
- Volume - Speed Limit
- New Large Trade
- Large Trades - Speed Limit
- Large Volume - Speed Limit
- Large Trades - % Percent
- Large Volume - % Percent
▪ ⚠️Some metrics can have abnormal values at the start of the interval.
To avoid triggering alerts in such conditions, set the number of seconds to wait before checking whether they should fire.
▪ Note:
- Initially, the Recent Trades panel is positioned to the far right of the chart, so it may be hidden in the future. Drag the chart to the left to reveal it.
- The panel Position can be adjusted in settings.
▪ Related Studies:
- Volume Delta
- CumulativeVolumeDelta-CVD
- Counters Ratio
- Heatmap-Support-Resistance-Volume-Clusters
▪ Some layout examples:
[astropark] Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD)Dear Followers,
today another awesome Analysis Tool, that you can use in your trading journey: Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD) , also known as Cumulative Delta Volume (CDV)!
Volume says a lot about price action:
price drops with low volume? or price pumps but no volume increase?
big sellers volume but price does not drop? or big buyers volume but price does not increase?
The Cumulative Volume Delta measures the effectiveness of buyers and sellers' actions, so basically if the volume they generate with their buy and sell market orders is effective on price or not.
When it's not effective, a divergence appears and we, as traders, can profit from it.
Here some examples how you can use the indicator by spotting divergences between price and cumulative volume delta.
EURUSD, 15m
sellers trying hard to make price fall, but volume is lacking on CVD (exhaustion): bullish divergence
EURUSD, 15m
buyers trying hard to make price go up, but volume is lacking on CVD (exhaustion): many bearish divergences
SPX500, 15m
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence
XAUUSD, 15m
sellers exhaustion: bullish divergences
XAGUSD, 15m
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence
BTCUSD, 15m
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence (in red)
buyers absorbed sellers' pressure: hidden bullish divergence (in green)
BTCUSD, 15m
inefficiency by buyers: higher and higher buy volume but it's not effective on price (sellers absorbed): hidden bearish divergence (in blue)
sellers exhaustion: bullish divergences (in green)
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence (in red)
ETHBTC, 15m
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence (in red)
inefficiency by sellers: higher and higher sell volume but it's not effective on price (buyers absorbed): hidden bullish divergence (in blue)
TSLA, 15m
inefficiency by sellers, sellers pressure absorbed by buyers: hidden bullish divergence (in blue)
buyers exhaustion: bearish divergence (in red)
sellers exhaustion: bullish divergence (in green)
inefficiency by buyers, sellers pressure absorbed by sellers: hidden bearish divergence (in fuchsia)
This indicator works on every timeframe, market and pair, by the way must be said that it works best on 15m and 5m timeframes, as you can have access to a more detailed volume information.
As I always say, all tools are great if you use them correctly: this is not the "Holy Grail", so always use proper money and risk management strategies.
This is a premium indicator , so send me a private message in order to get access to this script.
Heatmap - Support & Resistance (Volume Clusters)Heatmap - Support & Resistance (Volume Clusters)
The Heatmap is based on the real traded volume.
The Heatmap can help identify the levels of Support and Resistance , thus validating other indicators' Oversold or Overbought conditions.
Small blocks don't have much significance. On the other hand, bigger and brighter ones would mean strong levels of Support or Resistance .
Alerts are available to be set to fire whenever the Support or Resistance levels are reached.
Related tools:
• Volume Delta
• CVD
• Counters Ratio
Counters RatioCounters Ratio
This is an oscillator like indicator.
Bubbles are used to show the intensity with which buyers overtake sellers or vice-versa.
Bigger bubbles would indicate an oversold or overbought condition, when there is more imbalance between sell volume and buy volume .
They may appear sometimes on low volume - this may be a weak overbought or oversold indication.
The big bubbles that appear on significant volume could be used to find divergences with price.
Multiple instances of the indicator can be combined to get a bigger picture.
In the indicator's settings, a ratio limit can be set for the overbought or oversold condition.
Alerts for counters imbalance can be set to fire whenever the condition is satisfied.
Related tools:
• Volume Delta
• CVD
L&S Cumulative Volume Delta L&S Cumulative Volume Delta
All you need to know @ longandshort.io
Team L&S
longandshort.io
Cumulative Volume Delta (CVD)Cumulative Volume Delta or simply CVD is the accumulation of the Total Volume Delta .
It starts accumulating from the beginning of the available volume data.
It only shows meaningful information for symbols with volume data.
It does not change its shape when changing timeframes.
How to use it:
You can start using it by searching for divergences with the price.
Cumulative Volume Delta Estimate @PuppyTherapyCumulate Volume Delta is the net difference between the buying and selling at each bar. This is then cumulated over the number of periods you define. In Orderflow trading cumulated volume delta is usually calculated with the help of market buys and market sells. Since we do have access to that kind of information as of now a different approach. I call this script an estimate due to the approach I have chosen to get the information and that is a continuous loop over smaller timeframe calls via a security function.
This approach has been publicly released here:
How to use the indicator?
- on HTF when Moving average changes color from an extreme value.
- Volume divergence - seller volume is decreasing and the price is increasing a strong buying opportunity
This indicator is just an estimate due to the approach chosen. Also, avoid using this on low Satoshi coins due to the nature of the calculation.
CVD RSI [experiment]This is not really a RSI not either a CVD. This is more like an experiment.
It's a RSI calculation applied on the CVD script i made () instead of a classic RSI based on candle close.
If you have any questions, feel free to ask.
Not really a CVDThis is not really a CVD, more like an experiment.
Because we don't have access to bid or ask volume for BTCUSD/XBTUSD, we can't really make a CVD.
So this one instead is based on the 1 min timeframe. When the 1 min candle is up/green, the volume is positive, but when the candle is down/red, the volume is negative.
An other point is that the "security" function used in the script have an approx max history of 137 days for the 1 min timeframe.
This script is very simple but if you have any questions, feel free to ask.
