Price Weighted Volume MA (PWVMA)Title: "Price Weighted Volume Moving Average Indicator for TradingView"
Abstract: This script presents a TradingView indicator that displays the price weighted volume moving average (PWVMA) of a financial asset. The PWVMA is a technical analysis tool that helps traders visualize the relationship between price and volume over a specified period of time. The script offers two PWVMA calculation methods: the standard volume moving average (VMA) and the exponentially smoothed volume moving average (EVMA). The user can choose between these methods and customize the length and reset (session weighting) parameters of the moving average. The PWVMA is plotted on the chart alongside the volume data for easy comparison and analysis.
Introduction: In financial markets, volume is an important factor that can provide insights into the strength of a trend or the intensity of buying or selling pressure. The PWVMA is a variant of the volume moving average (VMA) that takes into account the price of the asset in the calculation. This makes the PWVMA more sensitive to price changes and helps traders understand the underlying dynamics of the market.
Methodology: The PWVMA is calculated by dividing the sum of the product of volume and price over a specified period by the sum of the price over the same period. In the VMA method, this calculation is performed using a simple moving average. In the EVMA method, the calculation uses an exponentially smoothed moving average, which gives greater weight to more recent data points.
Implementation: The script is implemented in TradingView's PineScript language and can be easily added to any chart on the platform. The user can choose between the VMA and EVMA methods and adjust the length and reset (session weighting) parameters as needed. The PWVMA is plotted on the chart alongside the volume data, allowing traders to compare and analyze the relationship between the two.
Conclusion: The PWVMA is a useful technical analysis tool that helps traders understand the relationship between price and volume in the market. This script provides a convenient and customizable implementation of the PWVMA for use in TradingView.
(I love using openai to write my descriptions)
Volume
LiquidationsFirst, thanks to the following Tradingview community members for providing open source indicators that I used to develop this indicator!
Liquidations by volume (spot/futures) - @Thomas_Davison
Pivot and liquidation lines - @lmatl
Let me know if either of you do not approve and I will remove the indicator.
This indicator uses pivot points, volume and a liquidation percentage to determine potential liquidation levels. These are not exact but can give traders an idea of potential support or resistance levels.
Pivot points: Currently the pivot points are set to look left 5 bars and right 2 bars. This will determine the high and lows in the chart.
Volume: Assuming that high volume bars are where more leverage is used, this indicator uses the average volume over a 1000 bar period to determine to determine a baseline. I have arbitrarily set 100x lines to 20% above the average volume, 50x lines 10% above, 25x lines 5% above, 10x lines 2.5% above and 5x lines 1.25% above.
Liquidation: Finally, we are making a few assumptions on how liquidations are calculated. The following table includes the percentage a position can decline before being liquidated.
Short: Long:
100x 0.51% 0.49%
50x 1.55% 1.47%
25x 3.70% 3.38%
10x 5.11% 4.67%
5x 6.705% 6.115%
Let me know if there are any questions or if anyone has any improvements!
Volume Weighted Exponential Moving Average Suite (VWEMA)This is a volume weighted exponential moving average (EMA) script that allows users to customize various parameters to fit their specific needs.
The script includes four different EMA styles: EMA, DEMA, TEMA, and EHMA. Users can choose which style they would like to use by selecting it in the input field. The script also allows users to customize the length of the EMA, with options for both a maximum and minimum length. Users can also choose to use a manual length or to use the dominant cycle within a range as the length.
In addition to these options, the script also includes the ability to turn on or off volume weighting and a daily reset feature that resets the EMA every day. There is also an option to turn on deviation bands, which show the standard deviation of the selected EMA.
Overall, this script offers a wide range of customization options to help users find the best EMA settings for their needs. It is an advanced tool that can be very helpful for traders looking to optimize their EMA strategy.
Cumulative length instead of cycle length
Double EMA Volume Weighted
Triple EMA Volume Weighted
EHMA Volume Weighted
Higher time frame
Deviation Bands
Aggregated Volume Spot & Futures ⚉ ＯＶＥＲＶＩＥＷ ⚉
The indicator presents a comprehensive approach to Aggregated Volume Data . Works on almost all CRYPTO Tickers!
The script also includes several input parameters that allow the user to control which exchanges and currencies are included in the aggregated data.
This script allows the user to choose from several data display modes, including volume, spot & perp, delta, cumulative delta, and others.
The user can also choose how volume is displayed (in assets, U.S. dollars or euros) and how it is calculated (sum, average, median, or dispersion).
WARNING Indicator is for CRYPTO ONLY.
______________________
⚉ ＳＥＴＴＩＮＧＳ ⚉
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Mode — Choose Mode.
• Volume — This displays the Volume
• Volume (Colored) — Shows aggregated volume but applying different volume colors for different exchanges.
• Delta — This displays the difference between the number of sellers and buyers.
• Cumulative Delta — This displays the cumulative delta between sellers and buyers.
• Spot & Perp — Shows Spot and Futures volume at the same time.
• Delta (Spot - Perp) — Shows the difference between Spot and Futures Volume.
• Liquidations — Displays Potential Liquidations. (Calculated between the difference in volume between Futures and Spots)
• OBV — On Balance Volume.
• MFI — Money Flow Indicator.
• Data Type — Choose Single or Aggregated data.
• Single — Show only current Volume.
• Aggregated — Show Aggregated Volume.
Volume By — You can also select how the volume is displayed.
• COIN — Volume in Actives.
• USD — Volume in United Stated Dollar.
• EUR — Volume in European Union.
• RUB — Volume in Russian Ruble.
Calculate By — Choose how Aggregated Volume it is calculated.
• SUM — This displays the total volume from all sources.
• AVG — This displays the average price of the volume from all sources.
• MEDIAN — This displays the median volume from all sources.
• VARIANCE — This displays the variance of the volume from all sources.
* 🡅 Be Careful, Reacts to Every Mode.
Additional features
• Show MA — Show Movieng Average of Volume.
• MA Period — Period of MA.
• Lookback — Lookback period for 'Cumulative Delta' and for 'MFI'.
• Liquidation Filter — Filters out small or negative difference values.
• Show Table — Table shows the current volume of the last candle. Also in the Mode "Colored" shows the color of exchanges if they have volume.
________________
⚉ ＮＯＴＥＳ ⚉
‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
I don't pretend to be the best choice for calculating CVD , Delta and Liquidations, the calculations are chosen to be optimal from what I have seen and know.
If you have any ideas what to add to my work to add more sources or make calculations cooler, suggest in DM .
Anchored VWAP BandSimple script to anchor vwap to a drag and drop spot on the chart and display it as a band instead of a line.
the AVAP Band displays:
1. The AVWAP using High as the source
2. The AVWAP using OHLC4 as the source
3. The AVWAP using Low as the source
This is just a different way of visualising VWAP from an anchored point in time (Band vs Line)
Volume Candlestick Heatmap Colors [vnhilton]This indicator colours candles based on their volume for a set period of time. The highest volume & lowest volume in this period are set by 2 colours, & any candle with volume inside the range will have a colour based on the gradient created by the 2 colours. Ability to hide the candle body, wick, border if preferred (Hide candlestick body, wick, border, through the settings if applicable). Features 20 pre-set themes + ability to set your own custom theme.
Anamnisar; Aubergine; Between The Clouds; Bichrome
Bora Bora; Candy; Cherryblossoms; Dracula
Dance To Forget; Fresh Turboscent; Friday; Frozen
Miaka; Minnesota Vikings; Misty Meadow; Monochrome
Neon Life; Purple Bliss; Purple Paradise; Sea Blizz
Shore; Sky; Starfall; Superman
Talking To Mice Elf; The Strain; Winter; Vasily
Volume profile zonesHi all!
This script calculates and shows the volume profile for the range of a higher timeframe candle. It then shows support or resistance (/supply or demand) zones based on the volume profiles with the most volume. The defaults are just my preferred settings so feel free to play with them! Also feel free to let me know about bugs and features. I already have a list of features to make, e.g.:
base on pivots
more info zone calculations, e.g. breaks and retests, virgin point of control etc.
add alerts
get rid of getPriceLevels()
get rid of _barVolumeProfile prefix
handle realtime
...
Best of trading luck!
Imbalance Detector [LuxAlgo]This indicator detects and highlights market imbalances alongside a dashboard returning information about their frequency of occurrence and their fill percentage. Imbalances included in this script are Fair Value Gaps (FVG), Opening Gaps (OG) and Volume Imbalances (VI).
Alerts are available for the occurrences of all market imbalances.
Settings
Imbalances
Each imbalance has the same settings layout:
Imbalance: Enable/disable the detection of the specific imbalance.
Min Width: If enabled, requires the imbalance area width to be greater than the specified value. This minimum width can be expressed in points, percentages or ATR multiples.
Extend: Extend imbalances by a specified number of bars.
Dashboard
Show Dashboard: Enable/disable the dashboard on the chart.
Dashboard Location: Location of the dashboard on the chart.
Dashboard Size: Size of the dashboard.
Usage
Market imbalances are part of the many concepts available to price action traders and highlight areas where there is a disparity between supply and demand.
It is common to see price come back to these areas and traders often use them as supports and resistances but also as targets.
Details
The script can detect three distinct types of imbalances described below.
Fair Value Gaps
Fair Value Gaps (FVG) are three candle formations characterized by a gap between the wicks of the non-adjacent candles in the formation.
A bullish FVG is characterized by a gap between the current price low and the 2 bars anterior price high, and a bearish FVG is characterized by a gap between the current price high and the 2 bars anterior price low.
Opening Gaps
Opening Gaps (OG) are imbalances characterized by non-existent activity within a specific price range.
A bullish OG occurs when the current price low is greater than the previous high, a bearish OG occurs when price high is lower than the previous price low.
Opening Gaps primarily occur in closing markets, as such they are less common in the cryptocurrency market.
Most of the time an Opening Gap will also be accompanied by a Fair Value Gap, in order to avoid clutter the indicator will not detect Fair Value Gaps if Opening Gaps are enabled and if an Opening Gap has been detected
Volume Imbalances
Volume Imbalances (VI) are characterized by a price discontinuity between the opening price and previous close, but unlike Opening Gaps we do not see nonexistent activity within a certain price range.
A bullish VI occur when both the opening and closing prices are superior to the previous closing price, with the current price low overlapping the previous price high. A bearish VI occur when both the opening and closing prices are inferior to the previous closing price, with the current price high overlapping the previous price low.
Because Volume Imbalances can occur excessively on markets with frequent gaps, we make use of an additional condition for filtering out less significant imbalances. Bullish VI's will require the previous price high to be lower than the opening price, while bullish VI's will require the previous price low to be higher than the opening price.
[Pt] Periodic Volume ProfileThis script is an attempt to recreate the Periodic Volume Profile that is built-in by TradingView, with slightly different features. Related blog: www.tradingview.com
This script is based on another script "Volume Profile, Pivot Anchored" by @dgtrd
*Note that only limited number Volume Profile can be displayed on the chart due to limitations on displaying boxes and lines.
Description
This Periodic Volume Profile (PVP) indicator allows trades to view volume profiles for periods longer than the current timeframe. The indicator builds one general volume profile for each new period, set by the user through the “Periodic Timeframe” input parameter.
This script also has the option to extend Point of Control (POC) lines with optional end conditions: Until Bar Touch, Until Last Bar, Until Bar Cross, or None, which extends to the right.
Signals are generated for Naked POC touches and crosses by a triangle symbol and a cross symbol, by default.
Alerts are available for POC touches and crosses.
What is Volume Profile?
Volume profile is a technical analysis tool that shows the volume of trades at different prices for a given security or market over a specific period of time.
Volume profile can be used to identify key levels of support and resistance, as well as to assess the overall supply and demand for a security. For example, if there is a high volume of trades at a particular price level, this may indicate that there is a significant level of support or resistance at that price. On the other hand, if there is relatively low volume at a particular price, this may indicate that there is not much interest in trading at that level.
Traders can use volume profile to identify trends, make trading decisions, and set stop-loss and take-profit orders. It can also be useful for identifying patterns such as "pockets of liquidity," which are areas where there is a high volume of trades but relatively little price movement.
It is important to note that volume profile should be used in conjunction with other technical analysis tools and should not be relied upon in isolation. It is also important to consider the overall context and market conditions when interpreting volume profile data.
Key Difference with TradingView's PVP indicator - TradingView's PVP intraday period does not align with standard intraday timeframes as it is determined by # of bars. This script provides volume profiles that aligns with higher timeframe periods.
Enjoy~!
On Balance Volume CrossoversCheck on balance volume but with crossover. You can choose the smoothing method, which is set by default to use the Volume Weighted Moving Average (bringing volume to the equation is always a good idea) but you can change to SMA, MA, EMA, ...
Hope you guys enjoy it and don't forget to rate it up! :)
I plan to include % from 0-100 OBV in here later! Stay tuned.
Feedback is cool.
Zones DetectorThis indicator highlights supply and demand zones.
Method to detect the zones:
1.- The body of the candle is calculated and it is checked how many times it can be repeated in its highest or lowest wick. If the body of the candle is repeated N number of times (Min. Factor) in any of its wicks, it is taken as an indecision zone.
2.- The subsequent candles are reviewed (Confirmation Bars) to determine if the zone is of supply or demand. For demand zones, subsequent prices must be above the minimum price of the indecision zone and for supply zones, subsequent prices must be below the maximum price of the indecision zone.
3.- The previous average volume of N periods (Periods) to the indecision zone is calculated and check that has a minimum percentage change (Min. Volume Change) with respect to the indecision zone and its subsequent candles (Confirmation Bars).
If the previous steps are met, the zone will be highlighted with a green color for demand (Zones/Demand) and red for supply (Zones/Supply), for the indecision zones (identified by point 1) they will be highlighted in gray (Zones/Indecision)
Invalid zones are automatically hidden from the chart, using methods such as: "wick" and "close".
Settings
Indecision
Min. Factor: Set the number of times that the body of the candle must be repeated in its wicks. High values will be stronger indecision zones, but fewer will be found, low values will find more zones.
Invalidation Method: Method used to automatically invalidate zones. It can be "wick" or "close".
Confirmation Bars: Defines the number of candles used to confirm an indecision zone found
Volume
Min. Volume Change(%): Percentage of minimum change in volume (+/-) that the zone must have to be displayed
Previous Periods: Number of previous periods to be used to calculate the average volume prior to the indecision zone.
Zones
Show Last.- Number of zones (demand, supply, indecision) to be shown.
Demand.- Color to highlight the demand zones
Supply.- Color to highlight the supply zones
Indecision.- Color to highlight the indecision zones
Use
The highlighted supply and demand zones can be used as support or resistance to place orders.
Igniting CandlesDisplays (and alerts) abrupt changes in volume, by default it compares previous candle volume to the current one but average volume over custom look-back period can be specified. Simply adjust filter to the volume change (or average volume) required before visual indication and alert will fire.
The theory is that large changes in volume forecast the future movement; certainly combine this indicator with other tools to build a more sound trading plan.
Modified TradingView's Up/Down Volume [vnhilton]
When plotting columns, histograms, etc. You'll notice that the indicator does not stick to the bottom of the pane. To fix this, you need another indicator (we'll call this 'placeholder') in the same pane as this indicator. Pin the placeholder indicator to the left scale, & pin the main indicator to the left scale. Then, pin the placeholder indicator to scale A, & finally the main indictor to the right scale.
Note: On the daily timeframes & higher, the up/down volume isn't accurate. Therefore, I've added a feature where you can toggle on the main indicator to disappear & only show ordinary total volume similar to the TradingView volume indicator.
The original code belongs to TradingView. This is a modified indicator that displays the down volume above the up volume similar to the volume profile. Also includes a moving average using the total volume, & a feature to display ordinary volume to solve the up/down inaccuracies on the daily timeframe & higher.
Clean ADX with bidirectional Breakout VolumeThe default Average Directional Index (ADX) helps traders determine the strength of a trend, not its actual direction. The Clean ADX helps traders determine the strength of a trend on a longer time, and the possible direction on different timeframes.
The bidirectional Breakout Volume determines both directions of breakout or breakdown volume. When volume is high by comparing the previous volume high over n periods to the current volume or when volume is lower by comparing the previous volume low over n periods to the current volume.
If the current volume exceeds the previous volume high or low, then the indicator columns will turn red or green.
This indicator should make trading easier and improve analysis. Nothing is worse than indicators that give confusingly different signals.
The combination of the first and second indicator therefore makes perfect sense to me and now you are able to find your long or short trends earlier.
I hope you enjoy my new ideas
best regards
Chervolino
Quantum CDV HistogramThis script is an addition to Fixed Quantum Cdv.
It shows vector cdv ratio in columns.
You can select the length as an input to how many bars to look back for the whole calculation.
The green bars represent the bullish values and the red bars the bearish values.
The green line represents an ema of the bullish value and the red line the ema of the bearish value.
The momentum ema (in purple) represent the cdv ratio (bullish - bearish).
When the momentum ema is at 100% or more it’s a good sell opportunity and when the momentum ema is at or under 100% it’s a good buy opportunity. It is not financial advise. Make sure to make your own analysis. This script help to make entries, but do not enter positions only based on this signal.
In the inputs you can select the emas that you want to display on your histogram.
The original script is the Cumulative Delta Volume by LonesomeTheBlue.
Buyer to Seller Volume (BSV) Indicator As promised, here is the buyer to seller volume indicator!
About it/How it works:
The indicator tracks buying and selling volume. It does it simplistically but effectively simply by looking at red vs green candles and averaging out the volume of each respective candle.
It uses the SMA of buying/selling and overall volume to track buyers to sellers and also display the average volume traded over a designated period of time.
Legend:
Green lines = buying volume
Red lines = selling volume
Yellow lines = SMA over designated period of time (user input defined, default is 14 candles).
Buyers are shown in green and sellers are shown in red:
How to Use it:
Default, the indicator goes to 1 Day, 14 candle period.
My preference personally is to use to have it go to "chart" but you can view any time period on the chart that you want and designate the time period of volume you want to view independently.
This can be used for:
1. Identify trends: When buying or selling volume is above selling volume and above the SMA, you know that this persuasively supports a bullish trend. Inverse for the opposite (see below):
2. To identify fakeouts and whether there is volume backing a move:
3. To identify potential changes in trends via a cross:
Its also a great reference when you are unsure of a move. This indicator literally just saved me from wrongfully shorting the FOMC bear flag today:
Probably many other uses you can find, but these are the things I like to use it for!
As always, I have posted a tutorial video for your reference:
As always though, if you have any questions, comments or suggestions for the indicator, please share them below!
Safe trades and best of luck to all!
DollarVolume/MarketCap_Ratio (DVMC) This script simply displays the ratio of "Dollave Volume (Volume * Close)" to "Market Capitalization(Total Shares Outstanding * Close)" of stock.
Formula = (DollarVolume / MarketCap) * 100
Fixed Quantum CDVWe took the original script Cumulative delta volume from LonesomeTheBlue, here is the link:
To understand the CDV you can watch traders reality master class about CDV.
This indicator show the ratio of vector color and the ratio of the cumulative delta volume from vector color.
First you select a date range on the chart. Then it calculate all candles in that region. Let's say there is 3 green vectors and 3 red vectors in the region, the ratio of vector color will be 50% for bull and 50% for bear vector. As for the CDV ratio, it will measure the total CDV inside green vector and total CDV inside red vector and make a ratio. But it is a little different.
I twisted the calculation for the ratio of CDV a little bit to make it more comprehensive in the table. Since it's the ratio of the CDV for the bull candles versus the bear candles, the CDV is almost always a positive number for the bull candles and almost always a negative number for the bear candle. So I calculated the bear CDV as a positive number. Formula: Bull_CDV_ratio = Bull_CDV / (Bull_CDV + Bear_CDV), Bear_CDV_ratio = -Bear_CDV / (Bull_CDV - Bear_CDV).
Note that when the bull CDV and bear CDV are both a positive number or both a negative number, the ratio percentage can be over 100% and under 0%. It means that we expect volatility.
Enjoy!
Volatility Trackerhi there, fellows.
this is a very simple and quite straightforward indicator.
so far the simplest we've built.
on what it does
in regard to current chart and timeframe it plots
a. Open - Close as a percentage of the Open (we regard open as more relevant than close, for as you can use latest estimates in current candle) in daily change coloring (so one may have an idea if there is a trend or sideways move unfolding)
b. High - Low as a percentage of the Open, so one may compare extreme moves with final ones in the period
c. Volume as a percentage distance from its WMA200 (always this one, a way better reference for normalcy). (e. g. a positive value x means Volume is x% above its WMA200)
on what it means
to the best of our imperfect and incomplete understanding, we believe that low volatility periods lead to high volatility periods, so one might want to enter the market in low volatility periods to enjoy wild rides afterwards. such a trade of course would be, for the sake of making sense, a long volatility one.
the timing for entrance could be once that the volatility waves fades to chart minimums.
we're open to critics, suggestions and comments.
best regards.
Fixed Quantum VectorSelect a zone to analyse the vectors.
This screener show the ratio of the bullish and bearish candle vector and on volume.
Slide the white bar to choose your sample size or you can enter the date.
Click label to hide start calculation and end calculation.
- Happy trading
ZenBot Signals - Trend StrengthI developed this indicator as a "regime detection" for my algo trading bot. It uses the ADX +/- values with a few twists.
- If ADX DI+ is over 30 and DI- is below 20 and falling (inverse for shorts)
- Price action rising/falling thru various VWAP standard deviations indicates a strong trend break
- Some other custom juju (open source so have fun).
I use this primarily to monitor the SPY index as a backdrop for my long and short trades. If the colored line below price bars is red or green, a strong trend is present and there is a decent trade environment.
Order Block Detector [LuxAlgo]This script makes use of high-volume activity as an indicator of the presence of market participants accumulating orders in specific areas on a lower timeframe by detecting volume peaks to form order blocks.
Mitigated order blocks are automatically hidden from the chart, also allowing users to be able to select two different mitigation methods "wick" and "close".
Additionally, users can be alerted for the creation and mitigation of bullish/bearish order blocks.
Settings
Volume Pivot Length: Lookback of the pivot function used to detect volume peaks, lower values will detect order blocks more frequently.
Bullish OB: Determines the number of most recent unmitigated bullish order blocks to display on the chart.
Bearish OB: Determines the number of most recent unmitigated bullish order blocks to display on the chart.
Bearish OB: Determines the number of most recent unmitigated bullish order blocks to display on the chart.
Average Line Style: Line style of the average order block level.
Average Line Width: Line width of the average order block level.
Mitigation Methods: Method used to determine how an order block is mitigated. "Wick" will mitigate order blocks if the candle wick goes outside of the order block and "Close" will mitigate order blocks if the closing price goes outside of the order block.
Usage
It is common for more significant market participants to execute orders incrementally in order to avoid overwhelming the market and cause significant price movements. This practice allows the orders to be executed more efficiently and effectively, reducing the impact on the market and minimizing the potential for price volatility.
Order blocks are price areas where these orders are executed incrementally and are commonly used as areas of support/resistance for traders.
Bearish order blocks occur during a downtrend, while bullish order blocks occur in an uptrend. Bullish order blocks range from the price low to the median price, while bearish order blocks range from the median price to the price high. The median price is used as an equilibrium point.
Users can highlight the bars where an order block was detected from the style settings by toggling on the 'Bull OB' or 'Bear OB' selections.
Note that in order to confirm a peak Volume Pivot Length bars are needed, as such note that order blocks are shown retrospectively.
Moving Average Based Zig ZagMoving Average Based Zig Zag differs from the traditional Zig Zag indicator in that pivot points are determined by a moving average, Volume Weighted Hull Moving Average, rather than looking for the highest or lowest point in a left / right period.
Settings
Source: the source for the pivot points.
Moving Average Length: the length of the Volume Weighted Hull Moving Average, increase for longer zig zags, decrease for shorter zig zags.
Usage
Like all Zig Zag indicators, the Moving Average Based Zig Zag is not intended to be used as a live trading tool. This indicator is intended to be an alternative way of determining pivot points on your chart. Pivot points can be used for a multitude of different analytical techniques. One may use pivot points in order to draw potential support and resistance lines, trend lines or chart patterns. Additionally, pivot points can be used to determine variations of highs and lows important to market structure analysis such as break of structure or change of character.
Details
The moving average used is a Volume Weighted Hull Moving Average, this particular moving average was used due to it's relatively low-lag characteristics when compared to an Exponential Moving Average, additionally by considering volume in the moving average calculation, insignificant pivot points can be further filtered.
Rather than using built-in functions `ta.pivothigh()` and `ta.pivotlow()` to determine pivot points, this indicator waits for the moving average to pivot then searches for the highest or lowest value from the bar index of the moving average pivot to the bar index of the previous found price pivot. This method of determining pivots provides a more dynamic approach to determining pivot points.
