Custom Dividers [louis]Custom Dividers is a streamlined utility designed for Multi-Timeframe Analysis (MTF). It allows you to visualize higher timeframe structures directly on lower timeframe charts by drawing infinite vertical lines at the open of new periods.
Unlike standard grid lines and other divider indicators, this has custom inputs, giving you complete control over non-standard timeframes (e.g., 90-minute cycles, 6-hour blocks, or 2-day periods).
🔑 Key Features
- 4 Independent Timeframe Slots: Configure up to four different vertical dividers simultaneously.
- Custom Minute Inputs (TF 1 & TF 2): Instead of restricting you to a dropdown, the first two slots allow you to input any integer for minutes.
Example: Set 90 for 90-minute cycle dividers.
Example: Set 360 for 6-hour dividers.
- Standard Timeframe Selectors (TF 3 & TF 4): Traditional dropdowns for standard periods like Daily (D), Weekly (W), or Monthly (M).
- Visual Customization:
Lines: Uses line.new() drawing logic to ensure dividers stretch infinitely from top to bottom, regardless of price scale.
Styles: Select from Solid, Dashed, or Dotted directly in the inputs.
Width & Color: Fully customizable to blend into your chart theme.
⚙️ How to Configure
Go to the Settings (Inputs Tab):
TF 1 & TF 2: Enter the specific number of minutes (e.g., 60 = 1 Hour, 240 = 4 Hours). Toggle the checkbox to Show/Hide.
TF 3 & TF 4: Select the timeframe period from the dropdown. Toggle the checkbox to Show/Hide.
Style: Choose your line style, color, and width.
Note: Since this indicator uses geometric drawings (line.new) to achieve full-height vertical lines, all visual settings (Color, Width, Style) are located in the Inputs Tab, not the Style tab.
Ciclos
teril Second Candle Cross Alert (Intrabar)teril Second Candle Cross Alert
teril Second Candle Cross Alert teril Second Candle Cross Alert teril Second Candle Cross Alert
teril Second Candle Cross Alert
Teril Second Candle Cross Alert (Intrabar)Teril Second Candle Cross Alert
Teril Second Candle Cross Alert
Teril Second Candle Cross Alert
Teril Second Candle Cross Alert
Terilss final EMA 20 Body Cross + 1:1 RR AlertEMA 20 Body Cross
EMA 20 Body Cross
EMA 20 Body Cross
EMA 20 Body Cross
Terilsss Second Same Color Candle Break AlertSecond Same Color Candle Break Alert
Second Same Color Candle Break AlertSecond Same Color Candle Break Alert
Second Same Color Candle Break Alert
Second Same Color Candle Break Alert
Second Same Color Candle Break Alert
Apex Wallet - Bitcoin Halving Cycle & Profit ProjectionOverview The Apex Wallet Bitcoin Halving Cycle Profit is a strategic macro-analysis tool designed for Bitcoin investors and long-term holders. It provides a visual framework of Bitcoin's 4-year cycles by identifying past halving dates and projecting future ones automatically. The script highlights key accumulation and profit-taking windows based on historical cycle performance.
Dynamic Cycle Intelligence
Halving Milestones: Automatically detects and marks all major halving events (2012, 2016, 2020, 2024) with precise timestamps.
Predictive Projections: Using an estimated 1,460-day cycle, the script projects up to 30 future halving events to help plan long-term investment horizons.
Timeframe Optimization: Built specifically for Weekly (W) and Monthly (M) charts to provide a clean, high-level perspective of market structure.
Key Strategy Visuals
Profit Windows: Visualizes "Start" and "End" profit zones with automated vertical lines and color-coded labels based on user-defined offsets from the halving.
DCA Chain Signals: Identifies strategic Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) points throughout the cycle to assist in disciplined accumulation.
Heatmap Shading: Features dynamic background shading that intensifies as the cycle progresses toward historical peak performance periods.
How to Use:
Switch to a Weekly or Monthly Bitcoin chart.
Use the Green Labels (Profit START) to identify early cycle strength.
Monitor the Red Labels (Profit END) for historical cycle exhaustion zones.
Scalp Breakout Predictor Pro - by Herman Sangivera (Papua)Scalp Breakout Predictor Pro by Herman Sangivera ( Papuan Trader )
Overview
The Scalp Breakout Predictor Pro is a high-performance technical indicator designed for scalpers and day traders who thrive on market volatility. This tool specializes in identifying "Squeeze" phases—periods where the market is consolidating sideways—and predicts the likely direction of the upcoming breakout using underlying momentum accumulation.
How It Works
The indicator combines three core mathematical concepts to ensure "Safe but Fast" entries:
Squeeze Detection (BB vs. KC): It monitors the relationship between Bollinger Bands and Keltner Channels. When Bollinger Bands contract inside the Keltner Channels, the market is in a "Squeeze" (represented by the gray background). This indicates that energy is being coiled for a massive move.
Momentum Accumulation (Pre-Signal): While the price is still moving sideways, the script analyzes linear regression momentum.
PRE-BULL: Momentum is building upwards despite price being flat.
PRE-BEAR: Momentum is fading downwards despite price being flat.
Breakout Confirmation: An entry signal is only triggered when the Squeeze "fires" (the price breaks out of the bands), ensuring you don't get stuck in a dead market for too long.
Key Features
Real-time Prediction Labels: Get early warnings (PRE-BULL / PRE-BEAR) to prepare for the trade before it happens.
Dynamic TP/SL Lines: Automatically calculates Take Profit and Stop Loss levels based on the Average True Range (ATR), adapting to the current market's "breath."
On-Screen Dashboard: A sleek table in the top-right corner displays the current market phase (Squeeze vs. Volatile), the predicted next move, and the current ATR value.
Pine Script V6 Optimized: Built using the latest version of TradingView’s coding language for maximum speed and compatibility.
Trading Rules
Preparation: When you see a Gray Background, the market is sideways. Watch the Dashboard for the "Potential" direction.
Anticipation: If a PRE-BULL or PRE-BEAR label appears, get ready to enter.
Execution: Enter the trade when the ENTRY BUY (Lime Triangle) or ENTRY SELL (Red Triangle) signal appears.
Exit: Follow the Green Line for Take Profit and the Red Line for Stop Loss.
Technical Settings
HMA Length: Adjusts the sensitivity of the trend filter (Hull Moving Average).
TP/SL Multipliers: Allows you to customize your Risk:Reward ratio based on ATR volatility.
Squeeze Length: Determines the lookback period for consolidation detection.
Disclaimer: Scalping involves high risk. Always test this indicator on a demo account before using it with live capital.
Precision Multi-Dimensional Signal System V2Precision Multi-Dimensional Signal System (PMSS) - Technical Documentation
Overview and Philosophical Foundation
The Precision Multi-Dimensional Signal System (PMSS) represents a systematic approach to technical analysis that integrates four distinct analytical dimensions into a cohesive trading framework. This script operates on the principle that market movements are best understood through the convergence of multiple independent analytical methods, rather than relying on any single indicator in isolation.
The system is designed to function as a multi-stage filtering funnel, where potential trading opportunities must pass through successive layers of validation before generating actionable signals. This approach is grounded in statistical theory suggesting that the probability of accurate predictions increases when multiple uncorrelated analytical methods align.
Integration Rationale and Component Synergy
1. Trend Analysis Layer (Dual Moving Average System)
Components: SMA-50 and SMA-200
Purpose: Establish primary market direction and filter against counter-trend signals
Integration Rationale:
SMA-50 provides medium-term trend direction
SMA-200 establishes long-term trend context
The dual-MA configuration creates a trend confirmation mechanism where signals are only generated in alignment with the established trend structure
This layer addresses the fundamental trading principle of "following the trend" while avoiding the pitfalls of single moving average systems that frequently generate whipsaw signals
2. Momentum Analysis Layer (MACD)
Components: MACD line, signal line, histogram
Purpose: Detect changes in market momentum and identify potential trend reversals
Integration Rationale:
MACD crossovers provide timely momentum shift signals
Histogram analysis confirms momentum acceleration/deceleration
This layer acts as the primary trigger mechanism, initiating the signal evaluation process
The momentum dimension is statistically independent from the trend dimension, providing orthogonal confirmation
3. Overbought/Oversold Analysis Layer (RSI)
Components: RSI with adjustable threshold levels
Purpose: Identify potential reversal zones and market extremes
Integration Rationale:
RSI provides mean-reversion context to momentum signals
Extreme readings (oversold/overbought) indicate potential exhaustion points
This layer prevents entry at statistically unfavorable price levels
The combination of momentum (directional) and mean-reversion (cyclical) indicators creates a balanced analytical framework
4. Market Participation Layer (Volume Analysis)
Components: Volume surge detection relative to moving average
Purpose: Validate price movements with corresponding volume activity
Integration Rationale:
Volume confirms the significance of price movements
Volume surge detection identifies institutional or significant market participation
This layer addresses the critical aspect of market conviction, filtering out low-confidence price movements
Synergistic Operation Mechanism
The script operates through a sequential validation process:
Stage 1: Signal Initiation
Triggered by either MACD crossover or RSI entering extreme zones
This initial trigger has high sensitivity but low specificity
Multiple trigger mechanisms ensure the system remains responsive to different market conditions
Stage 2: Trend Context Validation
Price must be positioned correctly relative to both SMA-50 and SMA-200
For buy signals: Price > SMA-50 > SMA-200 (bullish alignment)
For sell signals: Price < SMA-50 < SMA-200 (bearish alignment)
This layer eliminates approximately 40-60% of potential false signals by enforcing trend discipline
Stage 3: Volume Confirmation
Must demonstrate above-average volume participation (configurable multiplier)
Volume surge provides statistical confidence in the price movement
This layer addresses the "participation gap" where price moves without corresponding volume
Stage 4: Signal Quality Assessment
Each condition contributes to a quality score (0-100)
Higher scores indicate stronger multi-dimensional alignment
Quality rating helps users differentiate between marginal and high-conviction signals
Original Control Mechanisms
1. Signal Cooldown System
Purpose: Prevent signal overload and encourage trading discipline
Mechanism:
After any signal generation, the system enters a user-defined cooldown period
During this period, no new signals of the same type are generated
This reduces emotional trading decisions and filters out clustered, lower-quality signals
Empirical testing suggests optimal cooldown periods vary by timeframe (5-10 bars for daily, 10-20 for 4-hour)
2. Visual State Tracking
Purpose: Provide intuitive market phase identification
Mechanism:
After a buy signal: Subsequent candles are tinted light blue
After a sell signal: Subsequent candles are tinted light orange
This creates a visual "holding period" reference
Users can quickly identify which system state is active and for how long
Practical Implementation Guidelines
Parameter Configuration Strategy
Timeframe Adaptation:
Lower timeframes: Increase volume multiplier (2.0-3.0x) and use shorter cooldown periods
Higher timeframes: Lower volume requirements (1.5-2.0x) and extend confirmation periods
Market Regime Adjustment:
Trending markets: Emphasize trend alignment and MACD components
Range-bound markets: Increase RSI sensitivity and enable volatility filtering
Signal Level Selection:
Level 1: Suitable for active traders in high-liquidity markets
Level 2: Balanced approach for most market conditions
Level 3: Conservative setting for high-probability setups only
Risk Management Integration
Use quality scores as position sizing guides
Higher quality signals (Q≥80) warrant standard position sizes
Medium quality signals (60≤Q<80) suggest reduced position sizing
Lower quality signals (Q<60) recommend caution or avoidance
Empirical Limitations and Considerations
Statistical Constraints
No trading system guarantees profitability
Historical performance does not predict future results
System effectiveness varies by market conditions and timeframes
Maximum historical win rates in backtesting range from 55-65% in optimal conditions
Market Regime Dependencies
Strong Trending Markets: System performs best with clear directional movement
High Volatility/Ranging Markets: Increased false signal probability
Low Volume Conditions: Volume confirmation becomes less reliable
User Implementation Requirements
Time Commitment: Regular monitoring and parameter adjustment
Market Understanding: Basic knowledge of technical analysis principles
Discipline: Adherence to signal rules and risk management protocols
Technical Validation Framework
Backtesting Methodology
Multi-timeframe analysis across different market conditions
Parameter optimization through walk-forward analysis
Out-of-sample validation to prevent curve fitting
Performance Metrics Tracked
Win rate percentage across different signal qualities
Average win/loss ratio per signal category
Maximum consecutive wins/losses
Risk-adjusted return metrics
Innovative Contributions
Multi-Dimensional Scoring System
Original quality scoring algorithm weighting each dimension appropriately
Dynamic adjustment based on market conditions
Visual representation through signal labels and information panel
Integrated Information Dashboard
Real-time display of all system dimensions
Color-coded status indicators for quick assessment
Historical context for current signal generation
Adaptive Filtering Mechanism
Configurable strictness levels without code modification
User-adjustable sensitivity across all dimensions
Preset configurations for different trading styles
Conclusion and Appropriate Usage
The PMSS represents a sophisticated but accessible approach to multi-dimensional technical analysis. Its strength lies not in predictive accuracy but in systematic risk management through layered confirmation. Users should approach this tool as:
A Framework for Analysis: Rather than a black-box trading system
A Decision Support Tool: To be combined with fundamental analysis and market context
A Learning Instrument: For understanding how different analytical dimensions interact
The most effective implementation combines this technical framework with sound risk management principles, continuous learning, and adaptation to evolving market conditions. As with all technical tools, success depends more on the trader's discipline and judgment than on the tool itself.
Disclaimer: This documentation describes the technical operation of the PMSS indicator. Trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Users should thoroughly test any trading system in a risk-free environment before committing real capital.
Simplified Zones + Styled CALL/PUT TP/SL + Fixed Scoreboardaarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice aarons practice
Daily Weekly Monthly ClosesFeatures:
Labels showing the close price for each period
Toggle visibility for day, week, and month closes
Customizable colors for each level
Adjustable line width and style (solid, dashed, dotted)
Labels appear on the right side of the chart
HVP Diario CC/CSPThis HVP Daily CC/CSP indicator is designed for traders seeking consistent income through options selling, transforming daily volatility into a clear, objective, and actionable guide: it shows you exactly when NOT to sell options due to weak premiums, when to take advantage of moderate volatility to safely sell PUTs, and when volatility is high enough to sell CALLs with superior returns. Everything is based on a percentile calculation that compares current volatility with its historical behavior, smoothed to eliminate noise and enhanced with an EMA that reveals the true market trend. If you want to trade with discipline, avoid bad weeks, and maximize your weekly income through simple, visual, and precise signals, this indicator is for you.
Institutional Top-Bottom by Herman Sangivera (Papua)Institutional Top-Bottom + Volume Profile by Herman Sangivera ( Papua )
📈 Component Description
Orange Line (POC - Point of Control): This represents the "Fair Value." Institutions view prices far above this line as "Expensive" (Premium) and prices below as "Cheap" (Discount).
Green/Red Boxes (Order Blocks): These are footprints left by big banks. A Green Box is a demand zone where institutional buying occurred, and a Red Box is a supply zone where institutional selling happened.
Institutional Labels: These appear when the RSI Divergence confirms that price momentum is fading, signaling a high-probability reversal (Top or Bottom).
🚀 Trading Strategy Guide
1. The High-Probability Buy Setup (Bottom)
Look for a "Confluence" of these three factors:
Location: Price is trading below the Orange POC line (Discount zone).
The Zone: Price enters or touches a Green Order Block.
The Signal: The "INSTITUTIONAL BUY" label appears.
Entry: Enter Buy at the close of the candle with the label.
Stop Loss: Place it just below the Green Order Block.
Take Profit: Target the Orange POC line or the nearest Red Order Block.
2. The High-Probability Sell Setup (Top)
Look for a "Confluence" of these three factors:
Location: Price is trading above the Orange POC line (Premium zone).
The Zone: Price enters or touches a Red Order Block.
The Signal: The "INSTITUTIONAL SELL" label appears.
Entry: Enter Sell at the close of the candle with the label.
Stop Loss: Place it just above the Red Order Block.
Take Profit: Target the Orange POC line or the nearest Green Order Block.
💡 Pro Tips for Accuracy
Timeframes: For the best results, use 15m for Scalping, and 1H or 4H for Day/Swing Trading.
Wait for the Candle Close: Labels are based on Pivot points. Always wait for the current candle to close to ensure the signal is locked and won't "repaint."
Avoid Flat Markets: This indicator works best when there is volatility. Avoid using it during "choppy" or sideways markets with very low volume.
Market Trend AnalyserThis indicator identifies high-quality entries using market structure concepts such as Change of Character (ChoCH) and Break of Structure (BOS), rather than relying on lagging traditional indicators.
How to use :
Enter trades on ChoCH and BOS signals (both long and short).
To reduce market noise, it is recommended to apply:
An ATR filter with a minimum value of 1
An ADX filter with a minimum value of 15
You may also enable a moving average (MA) filter to avoid trading against the prevailing trend.
Super OscillatorSuper Oscillator – Intraday Momentum
Super Oscillator is a momentum-based oscillator designed for intraday trading, optimized for 1-minute charts and fast market conditions.
The indicator uses a zero-centered momentum model with dynamic smoothing and clearly defined zones to help traders identify exhaustion, pullbacks, and momentum shifts without excessive noise.
Key Features
Zero-centered oscillator for immediate directional bias
Dynamic overbought and oversold zones
Neutral “dead zone” to avoid low-probability trades
Smoothed momentum line with signal line for timing entries
Optimized for scalping and short-term intraday trading
Fully compatible with TradingView Pine Script v6
How to Use
Overbought zone: Look for bearish reactions or momentum exhaustion
Oversold zone: Look for bullish reactions or pullbacks
Dead zone: Avoid trades when momentum is unclear
Use the oscillator as a confirmation tool, always with price action and structure
Best Use Case
Intraday scalping (1M–5M)
Futures markets (indices, metals)
NY session trading
Disclaimer
This indicator does not predict price direction. It measures momentum and exhaustion and should be used as part of a complete trading plan with proper risk management.
3-Daumen-Regel mit 4 Daumen, YTD-Linie, SMA200 und ATR
The script calculates the following values and displays them in a table:
- YTD line
- SMA
- ATR and ATR
- Difference to YTD
- Difference to SMA200
The table also includes a four-point rating for:
- the first 5 trading days of the year
- price relative to SMA
- price relative to YTD line
- the first month of the trading year
15 Zaman Kutusu ve 10 Zaman Acilisi15 Range Boxes & 10 Open Lines
This indicator is a comprehensive technical analysis tool designed to track specific time intervals (Sessions, Killzones) and critical opening prices on your chart.
Key Features:
15 Custom Range Boxes: Individual settings for color, time, and labels.
10 Open Price Lines: Track daily, weekly, or session opens.
Smart History Limit: "Son X Kutuyu Goster" feature preventing lag and flickering.
Pips Display: Automatically calculates and displays the range width in pips.
Minimalist Mode: Hides details when "Cok Kucuk" label size is selected.
Language: Fully Turkish menu settings.
Note: Inspired by Nephew Sam's concept, coded from scratch with performance optimizations and additional features.
DISCLAIMER This indicator is for educational purposes only. It does not constitute financial advice or trading signals. Use at your own risk.
EMA Crossover with Pine Logs2We are exclusively licensed Austria Guides and count on smaller groups – this is how communication with the guests works best. Exciting facts and a large portion of humour are part of our tours, just like a lot of experience and knowledge off the beaten track. We even infect die-hard Vienna connoisseurs with our enthusiasm for the city! If you want to get to know Vienna differently than the average tourist, then we are your perfect partner: We make sure that your travel stories are nowhere to be found.
Bitcoin Halving Cycles [DotGain]Halving Cycles
A lightweight, time-anchored Bitcoin halving cycle visualizer built for clean charting, repeatable process planning, and simple profit/DCA timing references.
This Code was heavily inspired by KevinSvenson_ who created Bitcoin Halving Cycle Profit .
What this indicator does
This script plots the key “cycle landmarks” relative to each halving date:
Halving (⛏) – the cycle anchor
Profit START – marks the beginning of the post-halving profit window (default: 40 weeks )
Profit END / Last Call – marks the final phase of the profit window (default: 77 weeks )
DCA START – marks the point where long-term accumulation becomes the focus again (default: 135 weeks )
How to read it
Vertical lines = the exact cycle milestones
Bottom labels = description of each milestone aligned to its line (keeps the chart clean)
Green background (optional) = active Profit Zone on existing bars
Red background (optional) = optional warning zone after Profit END
HUD Panel (top-right)
The HUD gives you a fast “where are we in the cycle?” view with two modes:
Current Cycle
Shows: Halving date, Weeks since, and time remaining to Profit START / Last Call / DCA START within the current cycle.
Next Halving (Projection)
Shows: Countdown to the next enabled future halving, plus the projected weeks from today to Profit START / Last Call / DCA START after that future halving.
Future Halvings (manual)
You can manually add up to 3 future halving dates (Halving #1–#3).
This is useful for forward planning and cycle projection even before the event happens.
Enable Halving #1 / #2 / #3
Set Year / Month / Day for each
Optional: show/hide future markers & projections
Note: background zones only shade existing bars . Future projections are shown via lines/labels.
Settings overview
Show all cycles – plots every enabled cycle (historical + optional future). If disabled, only the current cycle is drawn.
Show Profit Zone background – green shading during the active profit window (current cycle only).
Show vertical markers + labels – toggles all milestone lines + labels.
Show HUD – toggles the HUD panel.
HUD Mode – switch between Current Cycle and Next Halving (Projection).
Cycle Logic – edit offsets in weeks (Profit START / Profit END / DCA START).
Optional Warning Zone – show a post-profit warning shading for a chosen number of weeks.
Have fun :)
Disclaimer
This Halving Cycles indicator is provided for informational and educational purposes only. It does not, and should not be construed as, financial, investment, or trading advice.
This indicator is an independent implementation of a time-based Bitcoin halving cycle visualization tool and is not affiliated with, or endorsed by, any third-party trading systems, strategies, protocols, or trademarked methodologies. The cycle zones, milestone markers, and countdown values displayed by this indicator are generated by a predefined set of algorithmic rules based on historical halving dates and user-defined time offsets. They do not constitute a direct recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any financial instrument or digital asset.
All trading and investing in financial markets involves a substantial risk of loss. You may lose part or all of your invested capital. Past performance does not guarantee future results. This indicator highlights historical and projected time-based market cycles and may produce false, lagging, incomplete, or misleading signals. Market behavior is influenced by many external factors and can deviate significantly from historical patterns or expectations.
The creator DotGain assumes no responsibility or liability for any financial losses, damages, or decisions made based on the use of this indicator or the information it provides. You are solely responsible for your own trading and investment decisions. Always conduct your own research (DYOR), use proper risk management, validate insights with additional tools or analysis, and consider your personal financial situation and risk tolerance before making any financial decision.
PA Helper - SessionsPA Helper – Sessions is a session visualization and timing utility designed to give precise intraday context directly on your chart. It allows you to define up to four custom trading sessions with full control over time ranges, colors, fills, and timezone handling, making it suitable for any market or trading style.
The indicator draws clear session start and end markers and can optionally highlight the full session range on the chart. A key capability is that it does not limit itself to historical data only: it can project and display future session boundaries ahead of the current price, allowing you to see upcoming session starts and ends before they happen. This is especially useful for planning trades, managing exposure, and preparing for session-based volatility.
Candles outside active session hours can be visually muted or hidden using a separate color, helping you focus only on relevant trading periods. The script also supports real-time session detection, ensuring accuracy both in replay mode and live markets.
In addition, PA Helper – Sessions includes configurable alerts that can notify you a chosen number of minutes before a session starts or before it ends. These notifications work across all enabled sessions and are designed to trigger reliably without duplicate alerts, making them practical for active intraday traders.
Overall, this tool acts as a clean, precise session framework that combines past, present, and future session awareness, helping you align price action analysis with time-based market behavior.
MONSTER KHAN GOLED KILLERTHIS INDICATORE work base on many strategies and work in gold btc and us oil but best for gold and btc use m5 to m15 time frame
Multi-Timeframe EMA50 Structure + ATR Sniper SystemThis indicator is a comprehensive Trend-Following and Risk Management system designed for swing traders who focus on high-probability structural entries.
It combines three core concepts into one visual tool:
Multi-Timeframe Structure: Tracks the EMA50 across key swing timeframes (2D, 3D, 1W, 2W, 1M).
Momentum Health: Detects MACD Divergences on these timeframes to warn of potential reversals.
ATR Sniper Zone (Risk Control): Visually defines the "Buy Zone" and "Hard Stop Level" based on volatility (Daily ATR), preventing FOMO and ensuring consistent Risk/Reward ratios.






















