LV Stock QualityCritical financial and technical values are listed in the table.
PIOTROSKI_F_SCORE (expect. >5) -> The Piotroski score is a discrete score between zero and nine that reflects nine criteria used to determine the strength of a firm's financial position. The Piotroski score is used to determine the best value stocks, with nine being the best and zero being the worst. Having a score bigger than 5 is a good sign for the strength of a firm's financial position
ROE (expect. >11) --> Return on equity (ROE) is a measure of a company's financial performance. It is calculated by dividing net income by shareholders' equity. Because shareholders' equity is equal to a company’s assets minus its debt, ROE is a way of showing a company's return on net assets. A “good” ROE will depend on the company’s industry and competitors.
EPS_GROWTH (expect. >11) --> This indicator is calculated as the percentage change in Basic earnings per share for one year. This indicator reflects the growth rate of a company's basic profit per share outstanding for one year. It is calculated based using only common shares. An increase in EPS growth may signal that a company is becoming more profitable and efficient in its operations. A decline in EPS growth may signal that a company is spending more or losing business share. EPS growth should be viewed alongside other metrics like revenue and costs.
CURRENT_RATIO (expect. >1.25) --> The current ratio measures a company’s ability to pay current, or short-term, liabilities (debt and payables) with its current, or short-term, assets (cash, inventory, and receivables). Current ratios over 1.00 indicate that a company's current assets are greater than its current liabilities, meaning it could more easily pay of short-term debts.
OPERATING_MARGIN(expect. >11) --> The operating margin measures how much profit a company makes on a dollar of sales after paying for variable costs of production, such as wages and raw materials, but before paying interest or tax.
RETURN_CAPITAL (expect. >11) --> Return of capital (ROC) is a payment that an investor receives as a portion of their original investment and that is not considered income or capital gains from the investment.
ALTMAN_Z_SCORE (expect. >1.8) --> The Altman Z-score is the output of a credit-strength test that gauges a publicly traded manufacturing company's likelihood of bankruptcy. An Altman Z-score close to 0 suggests a company might be headed for bankruptcy, while a score closer to 3 suggests a company is in solid financial positioning.
REVENUE_GROWTH (expect. >11) --> Quarterly revenue growth is an increase in a company's sales in one quarter compared to sales of a different quarter. Comparing a company's financials from one period to another gives a clear picture of its revenue growth rate and can help investors identify the catalyst for such growth.
SUSTAINABLE_GROWTH (expect. >11) --> The sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the maximum rate of growth that a company or social enterprise can sustain without having to finance growth with additional equity or debt. In other words, it is the rate at which the company can grow while using its own internal revenue without borrowing from outside sources.
DEBT TO INCOME (expect. <0.4) --> A debt-to-income (DTI) ratio is a financial metric used by lenders to determine your borrowing risk. Your DTI ratio represents the total amount of debt you owe compared to the total amount of money you earn each month.
NORMALIZED ATR (expect. <8, W) --> The Normalized Average True Range (Normalized ATR) is an indicator used to measure market volatility by normalizing the average true range values. It does this by dividing the Average True Range (ATR) by the asset's closing price, converting it into a percentage. This normalization allows for the comparison of volatility levels across different securities or market conditions, regardless of the asset's price levels. The Normalized ATR helps traders to adjust their strategies based on relative volatility, rather than absolute price movements.
INDEX expect. EMA10>EMA20 --> it is expected to have EMA 10 > EMA 20 in weekly basis graph. It is known that having a strong trend in index will also increases chance of strong trend on stock levels. You need to select INDEX Market of stock via settings.
M. RELATIVE STRENGTH expect. MRS>1 --> Stan Weinstein uses the Mansfield RS indicator as another relative strength indicator. The indicator measures the variation in the 52-week ratio of stock and market.
VOLUME CHANGE (expect. >30) --> Having an increase on volume comparing to previous week can be a good sign if it occurs at the same time of breakout.
PRICE CHANGE (expect. >5 and <20) --> Having an increase on price comparing to previous week can be a good sign if it occurs at the same time of breakout.
It is better to look on weekly basis graphs.
Indicadores e estratégias
E9 Bollinger RangeThe E9 Bollinger Range is a technical trading tool that leverages Bollinger Bands to track volatility and price deviations, along with additional trend filtering via EMAs.
The script visually enhances price action with a combination of trend-filtering EMAs, bar colouring for trend direction, signals to indicate potential buy and sell points based on price extension and engulfing patterns.
Here’s a breakdown of its key components:
Bollinger Bands: The strategy plots multiple Bollinger Band deviations to create different price levels. The furthest deviation bands act as warning signs for traders when price extends significantly, signaling potential overbought or oversold conditions.
Bar Colouring: Visual bar colouring is applied to clearly indicate trend direction: green bars for an uptrend and red bars for a downtrend.
EMA Filtering: Two EMAs (50 and 200) are used to help filter out false signals, giving traders a better sense of the underlying trend.
This combination of signals, visual elements, and trend filtering provides traders with a systematic approach to identifying price deviations and taking advantage of market corrections.
Brief History of Bollinger Bands
Bollinger Bands were developed by John Bollinger in the early 1980s as a tool to measure price volatility in financial markets. The bands consist of a moving average (typically 20 periods) with upper and lower bands placed two standard deviations away. These bands expand and contract based on market volatility, offering traders a visual representation of price extremes and potential reversal zones.
John Bollinger’s work revolutionized technical analysis by incorporating volatility into trend detection. His bands remain widely used across markets, including stocks, commodities, and cryptocurrencies. With the ability to highlight overbought and oversold conditions, Bollinger Bands have become a staple in many trading strategies.
Multi Deviation VWAP [OmegaTools]The Multi Deviation VWAP is an original variation of the traditional VWAP indicator, designed to enhance your trading experience by providing more precise market insights. While the conventional VWAP calculates a single price level based on volume and price over a given period, the Multi Deviation VWAP goes a step further by introducing dynamic upper and lower bands that adapt to market conditions. These bands give traders a more comprehensive understanding of volatility and price action, making it an ideal tool for various trading strategies, especially for identifying potential price reversals or trend continuations.
Key Features:
Separate Calculation of Deviation Bands:
Unlike traditional VWAP bands, where both the upper and lower bands are symmetrically calculated using a single deviation value, the Multi Deviation VWAP calculates the deviations independently for the upper and lower bands. This allows for a more accurate reflection of market dynamics.
The upper deviation band is based on the average distance of closing prices above the VWAP, while the lower deviation band considers the average distance of closing prices below the VWAP.
This separation provides a more tailored approach, adapting to whether the market is showing bullish or bearish momentum, as opposed to a fixed, equal deviation in both directions.
Internal and External Bands:
Two sets of deviation bands are plotted: Internal Bands and External Bands, controlled by user inputs (factorone for internal and factortwo for external). These bands offer multiple levels of support and resistance based on market volatility.
The Internal Bands are closer to the VWAP and act as the first level of support/resistance, suitable for short-term or tighter trading ranges.
The External Bands are further from the VWAP and capture more significant market swings, useful for identifying larger trends or setting wider stop-losses.
Timeframe Flexibility:
The indicator allows traders to select the desired timeframe (1D by default) over which the VWAP and its deviation bands are calculated. This flexibility enables users to adapt the indicator to different trading styles, from intraday scalping to longer-term trend analysis.
Visual Enhancements:
Bullish and Bearish Colors: The bands are color-coded for quick visual interpretation. Bullish bands (lower deviations) are colored blue, while bearish bands (upper deviations) are colored red, making it easy to differentiate between market conditions at a glance.
Plot Fill: The area between the internal and external bands is shaded, providing clear visual zones of potential price containment, aiding in understanding the market structure and anticipating price movements.
How It Differs from a Standard VWAP:
Traditional VWAP provides a single price line that represents the volume-weighted average price over a given period, often used to identify general price trends.
In contrast, the Multi Deviation VWAP introduces upper and lower bands calculated separately based on price deviations above and below the VWAP, giving a more nuanced view of market volatility.
Symmetrical bands in traditional VWAP may not always accurately reflect the market's true behavior, especially in trending markets, where upward and downward price movements aren't always equal. By splitting the deviation calculations, this tool provides a more dynamic and realistic view of price action, adapting to whether the market is showing stronger upward or downward pressure.
Use Cases:
Trend Identification: The VWAP line acts as a central trend line, while the deviation bands offer levels of potential support and resistance. When price moves beyond the external bands, it may indicate overextension and potential reversal.
Volatility Trading: Traders can use the internal and external bands to set dynamic take-profit or stop-loss levels, allowing for flexible risk management depending on market conditions.
Range Trading: In consolidating markets, the Multi Deviation VWAP can help traders identify optimal buy and sell zones as the price oscillates between the upper and lower bands.
By incorporating independent deviation bands, this indicator provides traders with a more responsive tool that reflects market behavior more accurately, helping them make informed trading decisions with enhanced precision.
Liquidity Pools [LuxAlgo]The Liquidity Pools indicator identifies and displays estimated liquidity pools on the chart by analyzing high and low wicked price areas, along with the amount, and frequency of visits to each zone.
🔶 USAGE
Liquidity Pools are areas where smaller participants are likely to place stop-limit orders to manage risks at reasonable swing points. These zones attract institutional traders who use the pending orders as liquidity to enter larger positions, aiming to influence price movements. By monitoring these zones, traders can anticipate market movements and potentially benefit from these dynamics.
Beyond general liquidity theory, identifying zones consistently visited by price aids in using them as support and resistance zones. By analyzing these areas, we can assess how effectively participants enter or exit these zones, helping to gauge their importance.
In the screenshots below, we will explore both sides of the same chart in more detail to display how each zone could be viewed from a bullish and bearish perspective.
Bullish Zones Example:
Bearish Zones Example:
🔶 DETAILS
The method behind this indicator focuses on identifying a swing point and tracking future interactions with it. It adaptively identifies high and low "potential zones". These zones are monitored over time; if a zone meets the user-defined criteria, the script marks and displays these zones on the chart.
🔹 Identification
The method to identify Liquidity Pools in this indicator revolves around 3 main parameters. By utilizing these settings, the indicator can be tailored to produce zones that fit the specific strategic needs of each trader.
Zone Identification Parameters
Zone Contact Amount: This setting determines the number of times each zone must be in contact with the price (and bought or sold out of) before being identified by the indicator as a Liquidity Pool.
For example: When a zone is first displayed, it is considered as having been reached 1 time. When the zone is re-tested for the first time, this is considered the 2nd contact, since the price has seen the zone a total of 2 times.
Bars Required Between Each Contact: This is used to rule out (or in) consecutive candles reaching each zone from the calculation, adding a separation length between zone contact points to refine the zones produced.
For example: When set to "2", the first contact point (first re-test) will be ignored by the script if it is not at least 2 bars away from the initial zone proposal point.
Confirmation Bars: After a zone has reached the desired Contact Amount, this setting will cause the script to wait a specified number of bars before identifying a zone. While this might initially seem counterintuitive, by waiting, we are able to watch the market's reaction to the proposed zone and respond accordingly. If the price were to continue through the potential liquidity zone Immediately, it would not be logical to consider this area as a valid Liquidity Pool.
Displayed in this screenshot, you will see the specific points we are looking for in order to identify these zones.
🔹 Display
After a Liquidity Pool is identified, its boundary line is extended to the current price to keep it in view for reference. This extension will continue until the zone is mitigated (price has closed above or below the zone), after which it will stop extending.
Candles can optionally be colored when returning to the most recent Liquidity Pool if it is still unmitigated, and will only color after the zone is displayed on the chart. Because of this, if a candle is colored within a zone, then its color comes from being inside a previously unmitigated zone.
🔹 Volume
Each time a candle overlaps an Unmitigated Zone, a percentage of its volume will be accumulated to the total for each specific zone. The volume total is displayed on the right end of the extended boundary lines.
This volume data could help to determine the importance of specific zones based on the amount of volume traded within.
Note: This volume is fractional to the percentage of candles that are contained within the zone. If a candle is 50% within a zone, The zone will receive 50% of the candle's volume added to its current total.
🔶 SETTINGS
See above for a more detailed explanation of the "Zone Identification" parameters.
Zone Contact Amount: The number of times the price must bounce from this zone before considering it as a liquidity pool.
Bars Required Between Each Contact: The number of bars to wait before checking for another zone contact.
Confirmation Bars: The number of bars to wait before identifying a zone to confirm validity.
Display Volume Labels: Toggles the display for the volume readout for each Liquidity Pool.
Fill Candles Inside Zones: Toggles the display of colored candles within Liquidity Pools.
Mars Signals - SSL Trend AnalyzerIntroduction
The "Mars Signals - Precision Trend Analyzer with SSL Baseline & Price Action Zones" is a comprehensive technical analysis tool designed for traders seeking to enhance their market analysis and trading strategies. This indicator integrates multiple advanced trading concepts, including dynamic moving averages, trend detection algorithms, momentum indicators, volume analysis, higher timeframe confirmation, candlestick pattern recognition, and precise price action zones. By combining these elements, the indicator aims to provide clear and actionable buy and sell signals, helping traders to make informed decisions in various market conditions.
Core Components and Functionality
1.Dynamic Baseline Calculation
Moving Average Types: The indicator allows users to select from a variety of moving average types for the baseline calculation, including Simple Moving Average (SMA), Exponential Moving Average (EMA), Hull Moving Average (HMA), Weighted Moving Average (WMA), Double EMA (DEMA), Triple EMA (TEMA), Least Squares Moving Average (LSMA), Triangular Moving Average (TMA), Kijun (from Ichimoku Kinko Hyo), and McGinley's Dynamic.
Baseline Length: Users can customize the length of the moving average, providing flexibility to adjust the sensitivity of the baseline to market movements.
Signal Line Generation: The indicator computes a dynamic signal line based on the relationship between the close price and the moving averages of the high and low prices. This signal line adapts to market volatility and trend changes.
2.SSL Baseline Integration
SSL Baseline: In addition to the primary baseline, the indicator incorporates an SSL (Semaphore Signal Level) Baseline, which further refines trend detection by considering the highs and lows over a specified period.
Dual Confirmation: The combination of the primary baseline and the SSL baseline enhances the reliability of the trend signals by requiring agreement between both baselines before generating a signal.
3.Momentum and Trend Filters
Relative Strength Index (RSI): The indicator uses the RSI to assess the momentum of price movements, filtering out signals that occur during overbought or oversold conditions.
Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD): The MACD is employed to identify the direction and strength of the trend, adding another layer of confirmation to the signals.
Average Directional Index (ADX): The ADX measures the strength of the trend, ensuring that signals are generated only when the market shows significant directional movement.
4.Volume Analysis
Volume Filter: An optional volume filter compares the current volume to its moving average, allowing traders to focus on signals that occur during periods of higher market activity.
5.Higher Timeframe Confirmation
Multi-Timeframe Analysis: The indicator can incorporate data from a higher timeframe, comparing the current price to the higher timeframe's baseline and signal line. This feature helps traders align their trades with the broader market trend.
6.Candlestick Pattern Recognition
Bullish Patterns: The indicator detects bullish patterns such as Bullish Engulfing, Piercing Line, Hammer, and Doji.
Bearish Patterns: It also identifies bearish patterns like Bearish Engulfing, Dark Cloud Cover, Shooting Star, and Doji.
Pattern Prioritization: The patterns are prioritized to highlight the most significant formations, which can serve as additional confirmation for trade entries and exits.
7.Price Action Zones
Support and Resistance Levels: The indicator automatically identifies pivot highs and lows to establish dynamic support and resistance levels.
Zone Visualization: It draws shaded rectangles on the chart to represent these zones, providing a clear visual aid for potential reversal or breakout areas.
ATR-Based Zone Width: The zones' thickness is dynamically calculated using the Average True Range (ATR), adjusting to the current market volatility.
Background Coloring: The chart background changes color when the price is above the maximum resistance or below the minimum support, alerting traders to significant price movements.
Interpreting the Signals
1.Buy Signals
Conditions:
Price crosses above the signal line.
RSI is below 70 (not overbought).
MACD line is above the signal line (indicating bullish momentum).
ADX is above the user-defined threshold (default is 20), confirming a strong trend.
(Optional) Volume is above its moving average if the volume filter is enabled.
(Optional) Price is above the higher timeframe baseline and signal line if the higher timeframe filter is enabled.
(Optional) A bullish candlestick pattern is detected if the candlestick pattern filter is enabled.
Visual Indicators:
An upward-pointing label with the text "BUY" appears below the price bar.
The baseline and SSL baseline lines turn to colors indicating bullish conditions.
2.Sell Signals
Conditions:
Price crosses below the signal line.
RSI is above 30 (not oversold).
MACD line is below the signal line (indicating bearish momentum).
ADX is above the user-defined threshold, confirming a strong trend.
(Optional) Volume is above its moving average if the volume filter is enabled.
(Optional) Price is below the higher timeframe baseline and signal line if the higher timeframe filter is enabled.
(Optional) A bearish candlestick pattern is detected if the candlestick pattern filter is enabled.
Visual Indicators:
A downward-pointing label with the text "SELL" appears above the price bar.
The baseline and SSL baseline lines turn to colors indicating bearish conditions.
3.Support and Resistance Zones
Interpretation:
Resistance Zones: Represent areas where the price may face selling pressure. A break above these zones can signal a strong bullish move.
Support Zones: Represent areas where the price may find buying interest. A break below these zones can signal a strong bearish move.
Background Color:
The background turns red when the price is above the maximum resistance, indicating potential overextension.
The background turns green when the price is below the minimum support, indicating potential undervaluation.
Effective Usage Strategies
1.Customization
Adjusting Baseline and SSL Settings: Traders should experiment with different moving average types and lengths to match their trading style and the specific characteristics of the asset being analyzed.
Filtering Parameters: Modify RSI, MACD, and ADX settings to fine-tune the sensitivity of the signals.
Volume and Higher Timeframe Filters: Enable these filters to add robustness to the signals, especially in volatile markets or when trading higher timeframes.
2.Combining with Other Analysis
Fundamental Analysis: Use the indicator in conjunction with fundamental insights to validate technical signals.
Risk Management: Always apply proper risk management techniques, such as setting stop-loss and take-profit levels based on the support and resistance zones provided by the indicator.
3.Backtesting
Historical Analysis: Utilize the indicator's settings to backtest trading strategies on historical data, helping to identify the most effective configurations before applying them in live trading.
4.Monitoring Market Conditions
Volatility Awareness: Pay attention to the ATR and ADX readings to understand market volatility and trend strength, adjusting strategies accordingly.
Event Considerations: Be cautious around major economic announcements or events that may impact market behavior beyond technical indications.
Indicator Inputs and Customization Options
Baseline Type and Length: Select from multiple moving average types and specify the period length.
ADX Settings: Adjust the length, smoothing, and threshold for trend strength confirmation.
Volume Filter: Enable or disable the volume confirmation filter.
Higher Timeframe Filter: Choose to incorporate higher timeframe analysis and specify the desired timeframe.
Candlestick Patterns: Enable or disable the detection of candlestick patterns for additional signal confirmation.
SSL Baseline Type and Length: Customize the SSL baseline settings separately from the primary baseline.
Price Action Zones Settings:
Zone Thickness: Adjust the visual thickness of the support and resistance zones.
Lookback Period: Define how far back the indicator looks for pivot points.
ATR Multiplier for Zone Width: Set the multiplier for ATR to determine the dynamic width of the zones.
Maximum Number of Zones: Limit the number of support and resistance zones displayed.
Pivot Bars: Customize the number of bars to the left and right used for identifying pivot highs and lows.
Conclusion
The "Mars Signals - Precision Trend Analyzer with SSL Baseline & Price Action Zones" is a versatile and powerful tool that amalgamates essential technical analysis techniques into a single, user-friendly indicator. By providing clear visual signals and incorporating multiple layers of confirmation, it assists traders in identifying high-probability trading opportunities. Whether you are a day trader, swing trader, or long-term investor, this indicator can be tailored to suit your trading style and enhance your decision-making process.
To maximize the benefits of this indicator:
Understand Each Component: Familiarize yourself with how each part of the indicator contributes to the overall signal generation.
Customize Thoughtfully: Adjust the settings based on the asset class, market conditions, and your risk tolerance.
Practice Diligently: Use demo accounts or paper trading to practice and refine your strategy before deploying it in live markets.
Stay Informed: Continuously educate yourself on technical analysis and market dynamics to make the most informed decisions.
Disclaimer
Trading financial markets involves risk, and past performance is not indicative of future results. This indicator is a tool to aid in analysis and should not be the sole basis for any trading decision. Always conduct your own research and consider consulting with a licensed financial advisor.
Scalping Strategy By TradingConTotoScript Description: "Scalping Strategy By TradingConToto"
This scalping strategy is designed to trade in volatile markets, taking advantage of rapid price movements. It uses pivots to identify key entry and exit points, along with exponential moving averages (EMAs) to determine the overall trend.
Key Features:
Dynamic Pivots: Calculates pivot highs and lows to identify support and resistance zones, improving entry accuracy.
Market Trend Analysis: Utilizes a 100-period EMA for long-term trend analysis and a 25-period EMA for short-term trends, facilitating informed decision-making.
Automated Entry and Exit: Generates buy and sell signals based on EMA crossovers and specific market conditions, ensuring you don't miss opportunities.
Risk Management: Allows you to set take profit and stop loss levels tailored to market volatility, using the ATR for effective risk management.
User-Friendly Interface: Easily customize strategy parameters such as pivot range, stop loss and take profit pips, and spread.
Requirements:
Ideal for use on short time frames during high activity sessions, like the configured scalping session.
Activate buy and sell options according to your preference and analyze performance using TradingView’s tools.
Note:
This script is a tool and does not guarantee results. It is recommended to test in a simulated environment before applying it to real accounts.
Optimize your scalping operations and enhance your market performance with this effective strategy!
VIDYA ProTrend Multi-Tier ProfitHello! This time is about a trend-following system.
VIDYA is quite an interesting indicator that adjusts dynamically to market volatility, making it more responsive to price changes compared to traditional moving averages. Balancing adaptability and precision, especially with the more aggressive short trade settings, challenged me to fine-tune the strategy for a variety of market conditions.
█ Introduction and How it is Different
The "VIDYA ProTrend Multi-Tier Profit" strategy is a trend-following system that combines the VIDYA (Variable Index Dynamic Average) indicator with Bollinger Bands and a multi-step take-profit mechanism.
Unlike traditional trend strategies, this system allows for more adaptive profit-taking, adjusting for long and short positions through distinct ATR-based and percentage-based targets. The innovation lies in its dynamic multi-tier approach to profit-taking, especially for short trades, where more aggressive percentages are applied using a multiplier. This flexibility helps adapt to various market conditions by optimizing trade management and profit allocation based on market volatility and trend strength.
BTCUSD 6hr performance
█ Strategy, How it Works: Detailed Explanation
The core of the "VIDYA ProTrend Multi-Tier Profit" strategy lies in the dual VIDYA indicators (fast and slow) that analyze price trends while accounting for market volatility. These indicators work alongside Bollinger Bands to filter trade entries and exits.
🔶 VIDYA Calculation
The VIDYA indicator is calculated using the following formula:
Smoothing factor (𝛼):
alpha = 2 / (Length + 1)
VIDYA formula:
VIDYA(t) = alpha * k * Price(t) + (1 - alpha * k) * VIDYA(t-1)
Where:
k = |Chande Momentum Oscillator (MO)| / 100
🔶 Bollinger Bands as a Volatility Filter
Bollinger Bands are calculated using a rolling mean and standard deviation of price over a specified period:
Upper Band:
BB_upper = MA + (K * stddev)
Lower Band:
BB_lower = MA - (K * stddev)
Where:
MA is the moving average,
K is the multiplier (typically 2), and
stddev is the standard deviation of price over the Bollinger Bands length.
These bands serve as volatility filters to identify potential overbought or oversold conditions, aiding in the entry and exit logic.
🔶 Slope Calculation for VIDYA
The slopes of both fast and slow VIDYAs are computed to assess the momentum and direction of the trend. The slope for a given VIDYA over its length is:
Slope = (VIDYA(t) - VIDYA(t-n)) / n
Where:
n is the length of the lookback period. Positive slope indicates bullish momentum, while negative slope signals bearish momentum.
LOCAL picture
🔶 Entry and Exit Conditions
- Long Entry: Occurs when the price moves above the slow VIDYA and the fast VIDYA is trending upward. Bollinger Bands confirm the signal when the price crosses the upper band, indicating bullish strength.
- Short Entry: Happens when the price drops below the slow VIDYA and the fast VIDYA trends downward. The signal is confirmed when the price crosses the lower Bollinger Band, showing bearish momentum.
- Exit: Based on VIDYA slopes flattening or reversing, or when the price hits specific ATR or percentage-based profit targets.
🔶 Multi-Step Take Profit Mechanism
The strategy incorporates three levels of take profit for both long and short trades:
- ATR-based Take Profit: Each step applies a multiple of the ATR (Average True Range) to the entry price to define the exit point.
The first level of take profit (long):
TP_ATR1_long = Entry Price + (2.618 * ATR)
etc.
█ Trade Direction
The strategy offers flexibility in defining the trading direction:
- Long: Only long trades are considered based on the criteria for upward trends.
- Short: Only short trades are initiated in bearish trends.
- Both: The strategy can take both long and short trades depending on the market conditions.
█ Usage
To use the strategy effectively:
- Adjust the VIDYA lengths (fast and slow) based on your preference for trend sensitivity.
- Use Bollinger Bands as a filter for identifying potential breakout or reversal scenarios.
- Enable the multi-step take profit feature to manage positions dynamically, allowing for partial exits as the price reaches specified ATR or percentage levels.
- Leverage the short trade multiplier for more aggressive take profit levels in bearish markets.
This strategy can be applied to different asset classes, including equities, forex, and cryptocurrencies. Adjust the input parameters to suit the volatility and characteristics of the asset being traded.
█ Default Settings
The default settings for this strategy have been designed for moderate to trending markets:
- Fast VIDYA Length (10): A shorter length for quick responsiveness to price changes. Increasing this length will reduce noise but may delay signals.
- Slow VIDYA Length (30): The slow VIDYA is set longer to capture broader market trends. Shortening this value will make the system more reactive to smaller price swings.
- Minimum Slope Threshold (0.05): This threshold helps filter out weak trends. Lowering the threshold will result in more trades, while raising it will restrict trades to stronger trends.
Multi-Step Take Profit Settings
- ATR Multipliers (2.618, 5.0, 10.0): These values define how far the price should move before taking profit. Larger multipliers widen the profit-taking levels, aiming for larger trend moves. In higher volatility markets, these values might be adjusted downwards.
- Percentage Levels (3%, 8%, 17%): These percentage levels define how much the price must move before taking profit. Increasing the percentages will capture larger moves, while smaller percentages offer quicker exits.
- Short TP Multiplier (1.5): This multiplier applies more aggressive take profit levels for short trades. Adjust this value based on the aggressiveness of your short trade management.
Each of these settings directly impacts the performance and risk profile of the strategy. Shorter VIDYA lengths and lower slope thresholds will generate more trades but may result in more whipsaws. Higher ATR multipliers or percentage levels can delay profit-taking, aiming for larger trends but risking partial gains if the trend reverses too early.
Zero Lag Trend Signals (MTF) [AlgoAlpha]Zero Lag Trend Signals 🚀📈
Ready to take your trend-following strategy to the next level? Say hello to Zero Lag Trend Signals , a precision-engineered Pine Script™ indicator designed to eliminate lag and provide rapid trend insights across multiple timeframes. 💡 This tool blends zero-lag EMA (ZLEMA) logic with volatility bands, trend-shift markers, and dynamic alerts. The result? Timely signals with minimal noise for clearer decision-making, whether you're trading intraday or on longer horizons. 🔄
🟢 Zero-Lag Trend Detection : Uses a zero-lag EMA (ZLEMA) to smooth price data while minimizing delay.
⚡ Multi-Timeframe Signals : Displays trends across up to 5 timeframes (from 5 minutes to daily) on a sleek table.
📊 Volatility-Based Bands : Adaptive upper and lower bands, helping you identify trend reversals with reduced false signals.
🔔 Custom Alerts : Get notified of key trend changes instantly with built-in alert conditions.
🎨 Color-Coded Visualization : Bullish and bearish signals pop with clear color coding, ensuring easy chart reading.
⚙️ Fully Configurable : Modify EMA length, band multiplier, colors, and timeframe settings to suit your strategy.
How to Use 📚
⭐ Add the Indicator : Add the indicator to favorites by pressing the star icon. Set your preferred EMA length and band multiplier. Choose your desired timeframes for multi-frame trend monitoring.
💻 Watch the Table & Chart : The top-right table dynamically updates with bullish or bearish signals across multiple timeframes. Colored arrows on the chart indicate potential entry points when the price crosses the ZLEMA with confirmation from volatility bands.
🔔 Enable Alerts : Configure alerts for real-time notifications when trends shift—no need to monitor charts constantly.
How It Works 🧠
The script calculates the zero-lag EMA (ZLEMA) by compensating for data lag, giving traders more responsive moving averages. It checks for volatility shifts using the Average True Range (ATR), multiplied to create upper and lower deviation bands. If the price crosses above or below these bands, it marks the start of new trends. Additionally, the indicator aggregates trend data from up to five configurable timeframes and displays them in a neat summary table. This helps you confirm trends across different intervals—ideal for multi-timeframe analysis. The visual signals include upward and downward arrows on the chart, denoting potential entries or exits when trends align across timeframes. Traders can use these cues to make well-timed trades and avoid lag-related pitfalls.
NumberOfVisibleBarsLibrary "NumberOfVisibleBars"
TODO: add library description here
NumberOfVisibleBars()
Calculates the number of visible bars on the user screen
Returns: The numbers of visible bars on the user screen (int)
First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker [CHE] First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker
"A Heikin-Ashi Candle Rarely Comes Alone"
1. Introduction
Fundamental Observation
- "A Heikin-Ashi Candle Rarely Comes Alone"
- This principle highlights the tendency of Heikin-Ashi candles to appear in sequences, indicating sustained trends rather than isolated movements.
- Recognizing these patterns can significantly enhance trading strategies by identifying stronger and more reliable entry points.
2. Understanding Heikin-Ashi Candles
What Are Heikin-Ashi Candles?
- Heikin-Ashi is a type of candlestick chart used to identify market trends more clearly.
- Calculation Method:
- Ha_Close: (Open + High + Low + Close) / 4
- Ha_Open: (Previous Ha_Open + Previous Ha_Close) / 2
- Ha_High: Maximum of High, Ha_Open, Ha_Close
- Ha_Low: Minimum of Low, Ha_Open, Ha_Close
- Visual Differences:
- Smoother appearance compared to traditional candlesticks.
- Helps in filtering out market noise and highlighting the prevailing trend.
Benefits of Heikin-Ashi Candles
- Trend Clarity: Easier identification of uptrends and downtrends.
- Reduced Noise: Minimizes the impact of insignificant price movements.
- Visual Appeal: Cleaner charts enhance decision-making processes.
3. Introducing the First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker [CHE ]
Purpose of the Indicator
- Track First Heikin-Ashi Candles: Identifies the initial appearance of Heikin-Ashi candles across multiple timeframes.
- Enhance Trading Decisions: Provides visual cues for potential long and short entries based on trend confirmations.
Key Features
- Multi-Timeframe Support: Monitor Heikin-Ashi candles across different timeframes (e.g., 240, 60, 30, 15 minutes).
- Customizable Visuals: Adjustable colors and line widths for better chart integration.
- User-Friendly Interface: Easy-to-configure settings tailored to individual trading preferences.
- Max Line Management: Controls the number of displayed lines to maintain chart clarity.
4. How to Use the First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker
Step-by-Step Guide
1. Enable Desired Groups:
- Activate up to four groups, each representing a different timeframe.
- Customize each group's settings according to your trading strategy.
2. Configure Timeframes:
- Select timeframes that align with your trading style (e.g., short-term vs. long-term).
3. Set Candle Types to Track:
- Choose to monitor Both, Green (Bullish), or Red (Bearish) Heikin-Ashi candles.
- Focus on specific candle types to streamline entry signals.
4. Customize Visual Indicators:
- Adjust Green Line Color and Red Line Color for clear distinction.
- Modify Line Width to ensure visibility without cluttering the chart.
5. Manage Line Limits:
- Set the Max Number of Lines to prevent overcrowding.
- The indicator will automatically remove the oldest lines when the limit is exceeded.
6. Interpret Signals:
- Green Lines: Indicate potential Long entry points.
- Red Lines: Indicate potential Short entry points.
- Observe the sequence and frequency of candles to assess trend strength.
Practical Example
- Uptrend Identification:
- Consecutive green Heikin-Ashi candles with corresponding green lines signal a strong upward trend.
- Consider entering a Long position when the first green candle appears.
- Downtrend Identification:
- Consecutive red Heikin-Ashi candles with corresponding red lines signal a strong downward trend.
- Consider entering a Short position when the first red candle appears.
5. Benefits and Utility
Enhanced Trend Detection
- Early Signals: Identify the beginning of new trends promptly.
- Confirmation: Multiple timeframes provide robust confirmation of trend direction.
Improved Entry Points
- Precision: Pinpoint optimal moments to enter trades, reducing the risk of false signals.
- Flexibility: Suitable for both Long and Short strategies across various markets.
User-Friendly Operation
- Intuitive Settings: Easily configurable to match individual trading preferences.
- Visual Clarity: Clear lines and color-coding facilitate quick decision-making.
Time Efficiency
- Automated Tracking: Saves time by automatically identifying and marking relevant candles.
- Multi-Timeframe Analysis: Consolidates information from different timeframes into a single view.
6. Why Use the First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker ?
Strategic Advantages
- Market Insight: Gain deeper understanding of market dynamics through Heikin-Ashi analysis.
- Risk Management: Improved entry points contribute to better risk-reward ratios.
- Versatility: Applicable to various trading instruments, including stocks, forex, and cryptocurrencies.
Why Heikin-Ashi for Entries?
- Trend Reliability: Heikin-Ashi candles smooth out price data, providing more reliable trend indicators.
- Reduced Whipsaws: Fewer false signals compared to traditional candlestick charts.
- Clarity in Decision-Making: Simplifies the process of identifying and acting on market trends.
Conclusion
- The First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker is an essential tool for traders seeking to enhance their trend analysis and improve entry strategies.
- By leveraging the power of Heikin-Ashi candles, this indicator offers a clear, user-friendly approach to identifying profitable trading opportunities.
7. Getting Started
Installation
1. Add the Indicator:
- Open TradingView and navigate to the Pine Script editor.
- Paste the translated Pine Script code for the First Heikin-Ashi Candle Tracker .
- Save and add the indicator to your chart.
2. Configure Settings:
- Enable desired groups and set appropriate timeframes.
- Customize colors and line widths as per your preference.
- Adjust the maximum number of lines to maintain chart clarity.
3. Start Trading:
- Monitor the chart for green and red lines indicating potential Long and Short entries.
- Combine with other analysis tools for enhanced trading decisions.
Support and Resources
- Documentation: Refer to the included comments within the Pine Script for detailed explanations.
- Community Forums: Join TradingView communities for tips and shared experiences.
- Customer Support: Reach out for assistance with installation or configuration issues.
8. Disclaimer
The content provided, including all code and materials, is strictly for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended as, and should not be interpreted as, financial advice, a recommendation to buy or sell any financial instrument, or an offer of any financial product or service. All strategies, tools, and examples discussed are provided for illustrative purposes to demonstrate coding techniques and the functionality of Pine Script within a trading context.
Any results from strategies or tools provided are hypothetical, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Trading and investing involve high risk, including the potential loss of principal, and may not be suitable for all individuals. Before making any trading decisions, please consult with a qualified financial professional to understand the risks involved.
By using this script, you acknowledge and agree that any trading decisions are made solely at your discretion and risk.
Happy Trading!
Best regards
Chervolino (Volker)
MSTR-BTC PremiumThis custom indicator, “MSTR-BTC Premium with High, Average, and Low Levels,” helps you analyze the premium of MicroStrategy Incorporated’s (MSTR) stock price in relation to its Bitcoin holdings. By comparing the market capitalization of MSTR to the value of its Bitcoin holdings (using BTCUSD from Coinbase), this indicator calculates a premium that reflects how much the stock price deviates from its Bitcoin-related value.
Key Features:
• Premium Line: The primary feature is the “Premium,” which shows the ratio of MSTR’s market cap relative to its Bitcoin holdings and the BTCUSD price.
• High, Average, and Low Levels: The indicator calculates the highest, lowest, and average premium values over a user-defined period (default is 14 bars). These levels help identify overbought and oversold conditions relative to the stock’s Bitcoin valuation.
• Visual Shading: The area between the premium line and the average is shaded, making it easier to see when the premium is above or below its typical level. Optional shading is also available between the high and low levels to visualize the price range.
How to Use:
• Overbought/Undervalued Conditions: When the premium line rises significantly above the average, it may indicate that MSTR stock is overbought compared to its Bitcoin holdings. Conversely, when the premium falls below the average or approaches the low line, it might signal an undervalued opportunity.
• Trend and Mean Reversion: The high and low lines provide insight into extreme levels. Monitoring these alongside the average can assist in identifying potential mean reversion trades.
Customization:
• Calculation Period: The period for calculating the high, low, and average values can be adjusted to suit your trading strategy (default is 14).
• Shading Options: By default, the area between the premium and its average is shaded. You can enable or disable the shading between the high and low as needed.
This indicator is particularly useful for traders and investors following MicroStrategy (MSTR) and its Bitcoin strategy, providing a deeper understanding of the stock’s relationship to its underlying Bitcoin assets. It can assist in identifying key levels for decision-making based on deviations from historical norms.
How to Add the Indicator:
1. Adjust the calculation period (default is 14) to customize the analysis according to your preferred timeframe.
2. Watch for significant deviations of the premium line from its average to identify potential overbought/oversold conditions.
3. Use the high and low levels to help gauge extreme premium values and possible mean reversion opportunities.
Enjoy the analysis and make more informed decisions with the MSTR-BTC Premium Indicator!
This description should be clear and informative for anyone considering using your indicator. It highlights the functionality, purpose, and customization options in a straightforward way. Let me know if you’d like to tweak or adjust any part of it!
ATR Adjusted RSIATR Adjusted RSI Indicator
By Nathan Farmer
The ATR Adjusted RSI Indicator is a versatile indicator designed primarily for trend-following strategies, while also offering configurations for overbought/oversold (OB/OS) signals, making it suitable for mean-reversion setups. This tool combines the classic Relative Strength Index (RSI) with a unique Average True Range (ATR)-based smoothing mechanism, allowing traders to adjust their RSI signals according to market volatility for more reliable entries and exits.
Key Features:
ATR Weighted RSI:
At the core of this indicator is the ATR-adjusted RSI line, where the RSI is smoothed based on volatility (measured by the ATR). When volatility increases, the smoothing effect intensifies, resulting in a more stable and reliable RSI reading. This makes the indicator more responsive to market conditions, which is especially useful in trend-following systems.
Multiple Signal Types:
This indicator offers a variety of signal-generation methods, adaptable to different market environments and trading preferences:
RSI MA Crossovers: Generates signals when the RSI crosses above or below its moving average, with the flexibility to choose between different moving average types (SMA, EMA, WMA, etc.).
Midline Crossovers: Provides trend confirmation when either the RSI or its moving average crosses the 50 midline, signaling potential trend reversals.
ATR-Inversely Weighted RSI Variations: Uses the smoothed, ATR-adjusted RSI for a more refined and responsive trend-following signal. There are variations both for the MA crossover and the midline crossover.
Overbought/Oversold Conditions: Ideal for mean reversion setups, where signals are triggered when the RSI or its moving average crosses over overbought or oversold levels.
Flexible Customization:
With a wide range of customizable options, you can tailor the indicator to fit your personal trading style. Choose from various moving average types for the RSI, modify the ATR smoothing length, and adjust overbought/oversold levels to optimize your signals.
Usage:
While this indicator is primarily designed for trend-following, its OB/OS configurations make it highly effective for mean-reverting setups as well. Depending on your selected signal type, the relevant indicator line will change color between green and red to visually signal long or short opportunities. This flexibility allows traders to switch between trending and sideways market strategies seamlessly.
A Versatile Tool:
The ATR Adjusted RSI Indicator is a valuable component of any trading system, offering enhanced signals that adapt to market volatility. However, it is not recommended to rely on this indicator alone, especially without thorough backtesting. Its performance varies across different assets and timeframes, so it’s essential to experiment with the parameters to ensure consistent results before applying it in live trading.
Recommendation:
Before incorporating this indicator into live trading, backtest it extensively. Given its flexibility and wide range of signal-generation methods, backtesting allows you to optimize the settings for your preferred assets and timeframes. Only consider using it on it's own if you are confident in its performance based on your own backtest results, and even then, it is not recommended.
ADX with Alerts for Strong Trending ConditionsMad Props to Chat GPT. Basically, this thing lets you set alerts on the ADX being Above 20 AND the Positive or Negative Directional Movement Line being Above the ADX. Useful for being alerted when a strong trend is in place to look for the pullback.
Description
The ADX with Custom Alerts indicator is designed to assist traders in identifying trends and potential trading opportunities based on the Average Directional Index (ADX) and Directional Indicators (DI+ and DI-). This tool provides a clear visual representation of market strength and directional movement, enhancing decision-making in trading.
Features
ADX Calculation:
The ADX measures the strength of a trend, regardless of its direction. The indicator calculates the ADX using a configurable length and a smoothing parameter, allowing traders to customize it based on their trading preferences.
Directional Indicators:
DI+: Represents bullish momentum.
DI-: Represents bearish momentum.
The indicator plots both DI+ and DI- alongside the ADX to give a complete picture of market direction.
Alert Conditions:
The indicator includes custom alert conditions that notify traders when:
Condition 1: The ADX rises above the defined threshold (default set at 20) and DI+ is above the ADX, indicating potential bullish momentum.
Condition 2: The ADX rises above the defined threshold and DI- is above the ADX, indicating potential bearish momentum.
Visual Representation:
The ADX line is plotted in blue, with the DI+ line in green and the DI- line in red.
A dotted horizontal line represents the ADX threshold, providing a clear visual cue for trend strength.
Background Highlighting:
The indicator uses background coloring to enhance visual analysis:
Green shading indicates when DI+ is above the ADX, suggesting bullish conditions.
Red shading indicates when DI- is above the ADX, suggesting bearish conditions.
Customizable Parameters:
Traders can adjust the length of the ADX calculation, the smoothing factor, and the threshold level to suit their trading strategies and timeframes.
Usage
This indicator is particularly useful for traders looking to:
Identify strong trends and potential entry points based on trend strength.
Make informed decisions using alerts that signal important market conditions.
Enhance their trading strategies with clear visual cues and customizable parameters.
[3Commas] Signal BuilderSignal Builder is a tool designed to help traders create custom buy and sell signals by combining multiple technical indicators. Its flexibility allows traders to set conditions based on their specific strategy, whether they’re into scalping, swing trading, or long-term investing. Additionally, its integration with 3Commas bots makes it a powerful choice for those looking to automate their trades, though it’s also ideal for traders who prefer receiving alerts and making manual decisions.
🔵 How does Signal Builder work?
Signal Builder allows users to define custom conditions using popular technical indicators, which, when met, generate clear buy or sell signals. These signals can be used to trigger TradingView alerts, ensuring that you never miss a market opportunity. Additionally, all conditions are evaluated using "AND" logic, meaning signals are only activated when all user-defined conditions are met. This increases precision and helps avoid false signals.
🔵 Available indicators and recommended settings:
Signal Builder provides access to a wide range of technical indicators, each customizable to popular settings that maximize effectiveness:
RSI (Relative Strength Index): An oscillator that measures the relative strength of price over a specific period. Traders typically configure it with 14 periods, using levels of 30 (oversold) and 70 (overbought) to identify potential reversals.
MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence): A key indicator tracking the crossover between two moving averages. Common settings include 12 and 26 periods for the moving averages, with a 9-period signal line to detect trend changes.
Ultimate Oscillator: Combines three different time frames to offer a comprehensive view of buying and selling pressure. Popular settings are 7, 14, and 28 periods.
Bollinger Bands %B: Provides insight into where the price is relative to its upper and lower bands. Standard settings include a 20-period moving average and a standard deviation of 2.
ADX (Average Directional Index): Measures the strength of a trend. Values above 25 typically indicate a strong trend, while values below suggest weak or sideways movement.
Stochastic Oscillator: A momentum indicator comparing the closing price to its range over a defined period. Popular configurations include 14 periods for %K and 3 for %D smoothing.
Parabolic SAR: Ideal for identifying trend reversals and entry/exit points. Commonly configured with a 0.02 step and a 0.2 maximum.
Money Flow Index (MFI): Similar to RSI but incorporates volume into the calculation. Standard settings use 14 periods, with levels of 20 and 80 as oversold and overbought thresholds.
Commodity Channel Index (CCI): Measures the deviation of price from its average. Traders often use a 20-period setting with levels of +100 and -100 to identify extreme overbought or oversold conditions.
Heikin Ashi Candles: These candles smooth out price fluctuations to show clearer trends. Commonly used in trend-following strategies to filter market noise.
🔵 How to use Signal Builder:
Configure indicators: Select the indicators that best fit your strategy and adjust their settings as needed. You can combine multiple indicators to define precise entry and exit conditions.
Define custom signals: Create buy or sell conditions that trigger when your selected indicators meet the criteria you’ve set. For example, configure a buy signal when RSI crosses above 30 and MACD confirms with a bullish crossover.
TradingView alerts: Set up alerts in TradingView to receive real-time notifications when the conditions you’ve defined are met, allowing you to react quickly to market opportunities without constantly monitoring charts.
Monitor with the panel: Signal Builder includes a visual panel that shows active conditions for each indicator in real time, helping you keep track of signals without manually checking each indicator.
🔵 3Commas integration:
In addition to being a valuable tool for any trader, Signal Builder is optimized to work seamlessly with 3Commas bots through Webhooks. This allows you to automate your trades based on the signals you’ve configured, ensuring that no opportunity is missed when your defined conditions are met. If you prefer automation, Signal Builder can send buy or sell signals to your 3Commas bots, enhancing your trading process and helping you manage multiple trades more efficiently.
🔵 Example of use:
Imagine you trade in volatile markets and want to trigger a sell signal when:
Stochastic Oscillator indicates overbought conditions with the %K value crossing below 80.
Bollinger Bands %B shows the price has surpassed the upper band, suggesting a potential reversal.
ADX is below 20, indicating that the trend is weak and could be about to change.
With Signal Builder , you can configure these conditions to trigger a sell signal only when all are met simultaneously. Then, you can set up a TradingView alert to notify you as soon as the signal is activated, giving you the opportunity to react quickly and adjust your strategy accordingly.
👨🏻💻💭 If this tool helps your trading strategy, don’t forget to give it a boost! Feel free to share in the comments how you're using it or if you have any questions.
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The information and publications within the 3Commas TradingView account are not meant to be and do not constitute financial, investment, trading, or other types of advice or recommendations supplied or endorsed by 3Commas and any of the parties acting on behalf of 3Commas, including its employees, contractors, ambassadors, etc.
Visualization of price changes with Updated LineThis indicator is used to identify the upward or downward momentum of a trend and to visualize the corresponding price fluctuations.
Calculation of the Fluctuation
The price fluctuation (Fluctuation) is calculated and added to the rising fractuation array if it is rising or to the falling fractuation array if it is falling.
Calculating Moving Averages
A moving average is calculated for each fractuation to determine the momentum or strength of the trend. In this case, the higher the value of the moving average, the stronger the momentum in that direction.
Generation of Cross Signals
Detects the point at which a rising moving average crosses a falling moving average. At this crossing point, a triangle shape will be plotted on the chart at the timing of a possible trend turning point or push.
Displaying Lines
Based on this crosspoint, a line is drawn. This line represents a push in the direction of the trend and helps to identify price reversals and pushes. The line will rise when the uptrend is strengthening and fall when the downtrend is gaining momentum.
Thus, the signals and lines used to determine trend pushes and momentum are plotted visually and designed to help traders make decisions based on this information.
Williams %R StrategyThe Williams %R Strategy implemented in Pine Script™ is a trading system based on the Williams %R momentum oscillator. The Williams %R indicator, developed by Larry Williams in 1973, is designed to identify overbought and oversold conditions in a market, helping traders time their entries and exits effectively (Williams, 1979). This particular strategy aims to capitalize on short-term price reversals in the S&P 500 (SPY) by identifying extreme values in the Williams %R indicator and using them as trading signals.
Strategy Rules:
Entry Signal:
A long position is entered when the Williams %R value falls below -90, indicating an oversold condition. This threshold suggests that the market may be near a short-term bottom, and prices are likely to reverse or rebound in the short term (Murphy, 1999).
Exit Signal:
The long position is exited when:
The current close price is higher than the previous day’s high, or
The Williams %R indicator rises above -30, indicating that the market is no longer oversold and may be approaching an overbought condition (Wilder, 1978).
Technical Analysis and Rationale:
The Williams %R is a momentum oscillator that measures the level of the close relative to the high-low range over a specific period, providing insight into whether an asset is trading near its highs or lows. The indicator values range from -100 (most oversold) to 0 (most overbought). When the value falls below -90, it indicates an oversold condition where a reversal is likely (Achelis, 2000). This strategy uses this oversold threshold as a signal to initiate long positions, betting on mean reversion—an established principle in financial markets where prices tend to revert to their historical averages (Jegadeesh & Titman, 1993).
Optimization and Performance:
The strategy allows for an adjustable lookback period (between 2 and 25 days) to determine the range used in the Williams %R calculation. Empirical tests show that shorter lookback periods (e.g., 2 days) yield the most favorable outcomes, with profit factors exceeding 2. This finding aligns with studies suggesting that shorter timeframes can effectively capture short-term momentum reversals (Fama, 1970; Jegadeesh & Titman, 1993).
Scientific Context:
Mean Reversion Theory: The strategy’s core relies on mean reversion, which suggests that prices fluctuate around a mean or average value. Research shows that such strategies, particularly those using oscillators like Williams %R, can exploit these temporary deviations (Poterba & Summers, 1988).
Behavioral Finance: The overbought and oversold conditions identified by Williams %R align with psychological factors influencing trading behavior, such as herding and panic selling, which often create opportunities for price reversals (Shiller, 2003).
Conclusion:
This Williams %R-based strategy utilizes a well-established momentum oscillator to time entries and exits in the S&P 500. By targeting extreme oversold conditions and exiting when these conditions revert or exceed historical ranges, the strategy aims to capture short-term gains. Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of short-term mean reversion strategies, particularly when using indicators sensitive to momentum shifts.
References:
Achelis, S. B. (2000). Technical Analysis from A to Z. McGraw Hill.
Fama, E. F. (1970). Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work. The Journal of Finance, 25(2), 383-417.
Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency. The Journal of Finance, 48(1), 65-91.
Murphy, J. J. (1999). Technical Analysis of the Financial Markets: A Comprehensive Guide to Trading Methods and Applications. New York Institute of Finance.
Poterba, J. M., & Summers, L. H. (1988). Mean Reversion in Stock Prices: Evidence and Implications. Journal of Financial Economics, 22(1), 27-59.
Shiller, R. J. (2003). From Efficient Markets Theory to Behavioral Finance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 83-104.
Williams, L. (1979). How I Made One Million Dollars… Last Year… Trading Commodities. Windsor Books.
Wilder, J. W. (1978). New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems. Trend Research.
This explanation provides a scientific and evidence-based perspective on the Williams %R trading strategy, aligning it with fundamental principles in technical analysis and behavioral finance.
