The U.S. Dollar Index (DXY) is a measure of the value of the U.S. dollar relative to a basket of six major foreign currencies. It is a weighted geometric mean of the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and these currencies. The DXY was created in 1973 with a base value of 100 and serves as a benchmark to assess the strength of the U.S. dollar in comparison to other global currencies.
The basket of currencies and their respective weightings in the DXY are as follows:
Euro (EUR) - 57.6% Japanese Yen (JPY) - 13.6% British Pound Sterling (GBP) - 11.9% Canadian Dollar (CAD) - 9.1% Swedish Krona (SEK) - 4.2% Swiss Franc (CHF) - 3.6%
The weights assigned to each currency in the formula are based on the trade weights of the currencies, which reflect the importance of each currency in international trade.
An analogy to explain DXY could be imagining a shopping cart filled with distinct items, each with a different price tag. The DXY is like the total value of the items in the shopping cart, where each item represents a currency in the basket. Just as the total value of the items in the shopping cart can fluctuate based on the price of each item, the value of the US dollar in the DXY can fluctuate based on the exchange rate of each currency in the basket.
For example, if the exchange rate of the euro, yen, and other currencies in the basket decrease relative to the US dollar, the value of the US dollar in the DXY would increase. Conversely, if the exchange rate of these currencies increases relative to the US dollar, the value of the US dollar in the DXY would decrease.
Following is how it's precisely calculated:
The DXY, is calculated as a weighted geometric mean of the US dollar's value relative to the six major currencies in the basket. The formula to calculate the DXY is:
EURUSD is the exchange rate of the euro to the US dollar USDJPY is the exchange rate of the yen to the US dollar GBPUSD is the exchange rate of the British pound to the US dollar USDCAD is the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar to the US dollar SEKUSD is the exchange rate of the Swedish krona to the US dollar CHFUSD is the exchange rate of the Swiss franc to the US dollar
As an example, let's say that on a particular day, the exchange rates of the currencies in the basket are:
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