Index investingThe Index Investing indicator simplifies decision-making for adding to Index ETF's Long-term investments. By utilizing a percentage discount methodology, it highlights potential opportunities to enhance portfolios. This straightforward tool aids in identifying favorable moments to invest based on calculated price discounts from selected reference points, making the process more systematic and less subjective.
🔶 SETTINGS
Reference Price: Choose between 'All-Time-High' or 'Start of the Year' as the basis for calculating discount levels. This allows for flexibility in strategy depending on market conditions or investment philosophy.
Discount 1 %, Discount 2 %, Discount 3 %: These inputs define the percentage below the reference price at which buy signals are generated. They represent strategic entry points at discounted prices.
🔶 Default Parameters
The default parameters of 4.13%, 8.26%, and 12.39% for the discount levels are chosen based on the average 5-year return of the NSE:NIFTY Index, which stands at approximately 12.39%. By dividing this return into three parts, we obtain a structured approach to capturing potential upside at varying levels of market retracement, providing a logical basis for the selected default values.
Users have the flexibility to modify these parameters, tailoring the indicator to fit their unique approach and market outlook.
🔶 How Levels Are Calculated
Discount levels are calculated using the formula: Discount Price = Reference Price * (1 - Discount %) . This succinct approach establishes specific entry points below the chosen reference, such as an all-time high or the year's start price.
🔶 How Are the Buy Labels Generated
Buy signals are generated when the market price(Low of the candle) crosses under any of the defined discount levels. Each level has a corresponding buy label ('Buy 1', 'Buy 2', 'Buy 3'), which is activated upon the price crossing below the specified discount level and is only reset at the beginning of a new year or upon reaching a new reference high, ensuring signals are not repetitive for the same price level.
🔶 Other Features
Alerts: The indicator provides alerts for each buy signal, notifying potential entry points at their defined discount levels. The alert triggers only once per candle.
Year Marker: A vertical line with an accompanying label marks the start of each trading year on the chart. This feature aids in visualizing the temporal context of buy signals and reference price adjustments.
Gestão de carteira
Position Size CalculatorThe provided Pine Script is a custom indicator titled "Position Size Calculator" designed to assist traders in calculating the appropriate size of a trading position based on predefined risk parameters. This script is intended to be overlaid on a trading chart, as indicated by `overlay=true`, allowing traders to visualize and adjust their risk and position size directly within the context of their trading strategy.
What It Does:
The core functionality of this script revolves around calculating the position size a trader should take based on three input parameters:
**Risk in USD (`Risk`)**: This represents the amount of money the trader is willing to risk on a single trade.
**Entry Price (`EntryPrice`)**: The price at which the trader plans to enter the market.
**Stop Loss (`StopLoss`)**: The price at which the trader plans to exit the market should the trade move against them, effectively limiting their loss.
The script calculates the position size using a function named `calculatePositionSize`, which performs the following steps:
It first calculates the `expectedLoss` by taking 90% (`0.9`) of the input risk. This implies that the script factors in a safety margin, assuming traders are willing to risk up to 90% of their stated risk amount per trade.
It then calculates the position size based on the distance between the Entry Price and the Stop Loss. This calculation adjusts based on whether the Entry Price is higher or lower than the Stop Loss, ensuring that the position size fits the risk profile regardless of trade direction.
The function returns several values: `risk`, `entryPrice`, `stopLoss`, `expectedLoss`, and `size`, which are then plotted on the chart.
How It Does It:
**Expected Loss Calculation**: By reducing the risk by 10% before calculating position size, the script provides a buffer to account for slippage or to ensure the trader does not fully utilize their risk budget on a single trade.
**Position Size Calculation**: The script calculates position size by dividing the adjusted risk (`expectedLoss`) by the price difference between the Entry Price and Stop Loss. This gives a quantitative measure of how many units of the asset can be bought or sold while staying within the risk parameters.
What Traders Can Use It For:
Traders can use this Position Size Calculator for several purposes:
- **Risk Management**: By determining the appropriate position size, traders can ensure that they do not overexpose themselves to market risk on a single trade.
- **Trade Planning**: Before entering a trade, the script allows traders to visualize their risk, entry, and exit points, helping them to make more informed decisions.
- **Consistency**: Using a standardized method for calculating position size helps traders maintain consistency in their trading approach, a key aspect of successful trading strategies.
- **Efficiency**: Automating the calculation of position size saves time and reduces the likelihood of manual calculation errors.
Overall, this Pine Script indicator is a practical tool for traders looking to implement strict risk management rules within their trading strategies, ensuring that each trade is sized appropriately according to their risk tolerance and market conditions.
ABC System [KFB Qaunt]ABC System
The ABC System provides insights into asset performance relative to a benchmark, incorporating metrics such as Alpha, Beta, and Correlation.
Functionality:
The script calculates
Alpha: Indicates an asset's risk-adjusted return compared to a benchmark.
Beta: Measures an asset's volatility compared to a benchmark.
Correlation: Determines the relationship between an asset and a benchmark.
Coloring & Criteria
Based on these metrics and criteria, the script generates signals indicating potential trading opportunities.
Input Setup
Inside the indicators settings you can configure parameters such as the
Benchmark Symbol
Risk-Free Rate
Lengths for Alpha, Beta & Correlation
Visualization Options
Criteria for Beta & Correlation.
The information created and published by me on TradingView is not prohibited, doesn't constitute investment advice, and isn't created solely for qualified investors
DCA StrategyIntroducing the DCA Strategy, a powerful tool for identifying long entry and exit opportunities in uptrending assets like cryptocurrencies, stocks, and gold. This strategy leverages the Heikin Ashi candlestick pattern and the RSI indicator to navigate potential price swings.
Core Functionality:
Buy Signal : A buy signal is generated when a bullish (green) Heikin Ashi candle appears after a bearish (red) one, indicating a potential reversal in a downtrend. Additionally, the RSI must be below a user-defined threshold (default: 85) to prevent buying overbought assets.
Sell Signal : The strategy exits the trade when the RSI surpasses the user-defined exit level (default: 85), suggesting the asset might be overbought.
Backtesting Flexibility : Users can customize the backtesting period by specifying the start and end years.
Key Advantages:
Trend-Following: Designed specifically for uptrending assets, aiming to capture profitable price movements.
Dynamic RSI Integration: The RSI indicator helps refine entry signals by avoiding overbought situations.
User-Defined Parameters: Allows customization of exit thresholds and backtesting periods to suit individual trading preferences.
Commission and Slippage: The script factors in realistic commission fees (0.1%) and slippage (2%) for a more accurate backtesting experience.
Beats Buy-and-Hold: Backtesting suggests this strategy outperforms a simple buy-and-hold approach in uptrending markets.
Overall, the DCA Strategy offers a valuable approach for traders seeking to capitalize on long opportunities in trending markets with the help of Heikin Ashi candles and RSI confirmation.
Risk Management Chart█ OVERVIEW
Risk Management Chart allows you to calculate and visualize equity and risk depend on your risk-reward statistics which you can set at the settings.
This script generates random trades and variants of each trade based on your settings of win/loss percent and shows it on the chart as different polyline and also shows thick line which is average of all trades.
It allows you to visualize and possible to analyze probability of your risk management. Be using different settings you can adjust and change your risk management for better profit in future.
It uses compound interest for each trade.
Each variant of trade is shown as a polyline with color from gradient depended on it last profit.
Also I made blurred lines for better visualization with function :
poly(_arr, _col, _t, _tr) =>
for t = 1 to _t
polyline.new(_arr, false, false, xloc.bar_index, color.new(_col, 0 + t * _tr), line_width = t)
█ HOW TO USE
Just add it to the cart and expand the window.
█ SETTINGS
Start Equity $ - Amount of money to start with (your equity for trades)
Win Probability % - Percent of your win / loss trades
Risk/Reward Ratio - How many profit you will get for each risk(depends on risk per trade %)
Number of Trades - How many trades will be generated for each variant of random trading
Number of variants(lines) - How many variants will be generated for each trade
Risk per Trade % -risk % of current equity for each trade
If you have any ask it at comments.
Hope it will be useful.
Show PositionBasic script that represents your position on the chart as a line along with your position size, price, change in price, and P&L.
Optimal Buy Day (Zeiierman)█ Overview
The Optimal Buy Day (Zeiierman) indicator identifies optimal buying days based on historical price data, starting from a user-defined year. It simulates investing a fixed initial capital and making regular monthly contributions. The unique aspect of this indicator involves comparing systematic investment on specific days of the month against a randomized buying day each month, aiming to analyze which method might yield more shares or a better average price over time. By visualizing the potential outcomes of systematic versus randomized buying, traders can better understand the impact of market timing and how regular investments might accumulate over time.
These statistics are pivotal for traders and investors using the script to analyze historical performance and strategize future investments. By understanding which days offered more shares for their money or lower average prices, investors can tailor their buying strategies to potentially enhance returns.
█ Key Statistics
⚪ Shares
Definition: Represents the total number of shares acquired on a particular day of the month across the entire simulation period.
How It Works: The script calculates how many shares can be bought each day, given the available capital or monthly contribution. This calculation takes into account the day's opening price and accumulates the total shares bought on that day over the simulation period.
Interpretation: A higher number of shares indicates that the day consistently offered better buying opportunities, allowing the investor to acquire more shares for the same amount of money. This metric is crucial for understanding which days historically provided more value.
⚪ AVG Price
Definition: The average price paid per share on a particular day of the month, averaged over the simulation period.
How It Works: Each time shares are bought, the script calculates the average price per share, factoring in the new shares purchased at the current price. This average evolves over time as more shares are bought at varying prices.
Interpretation: The average price gives insight into the cost efficiency of buying shares on specific days. A lower average price suggests that buying on that day has historically led to better pricing, making it a potentially more attractive investment strategy.
⚪ Buys
Definition: The total number of transactions or buys executed on a particular day of the month throughout the simulation.
How It Works: This metric increments each time shares are bought on a specific day, providing a count of all buying actions taken.
Interpretation: The number of buys indicates the frequency of investment opportunities. A higher count could mean more consistent opportunities for investment, but it's important to consider this in conjunction with the average price and the total shares acquired to assess overall strategy effectiveness.
⚪ Most Shares
Definition: Identifies the day of the month on which the highest number of shares were bought, highlighting the specific day and the total shares acquired.
How It Works: After simulating purchases across all days of the month, the script identifies which day resulted in the highest total number of shares bought.
Interpretation: This metric points out the most opportune day for volume buying. It suggests that historically, this day provided conditions that allowed for maximizing the quantity of shares purchased, potentially due to lower prices or other factors.
⚪ Best Price
Definition: Highlights the day of the month that offered the lowest average price per share, indicating both the day and the price.
How It Works: The script calculates the average price per share for each day and identifies the day with the lowest average.
Interpretation: This metric is key for investors looking to minimize costs. The best price day suggests that historically, buying on this day led to acquiring shares at a more favorable average price, potentially maximizing long-term investment returns.
⚪ Randomized Shares
Definition: This metric represents the total number of shares acquired on a randomly selected day of the month, simulated across the entire period.
How It Works: At the beginning of each month within the simulation, the script selects a random day when the market is open and calculates how many shares can be purchased with the available capital or monthly contribution at that day's opening price. This process is repeated each month, and the total number of shares acquired through these random purchases is tallied.
Interpretation: Randomized shares offer a comparison point to systematic buying strategies. By comparing the total shares acquired through random selection against those bought on the best or worst days, investors can gauge the impact of timing and market fluctuations on their investment strategy. A higher total in randomized shares might indicate that over the long term, the specific days chosen for investment might matter less than consistent market participation. Conversely, if systematic strategies yield significantly more shares, it suggests that timing could indeed play a crucial role in maximizing investment returns.
⚪ Randomized Price
Definition: The average price paid per share for the shares acquired on the randomly selected days throughout the simulation period.
How It Works: Each time shares are bought on a randomly chosen day, the script calculates the average price paid for all shares bought through this randomized strategy. This average price is updated as the simulation progresses, reflecting the cost efficiency of random buying decisions.
Interpretation: The randomized price metric helps investors understand the cost implications of a non-systematic, random investment approach. Comparing this average price to those achieved through more deliberate, systematic strategies can reveal whether consistent investment timing strategies outperform random investment actions in terms of cost efficiency. A lower randomized price suggests that random buying might not necessarily result in higher costs, while a higher average price indicates that systematic strategies might provide better control over investment costs.
█ How to Use
Traders can use this tool to analyze historical data and simulate different investment strategies. By inputting their initial capital, regular contribution amount, and start year, they can visually assess which days might have been more advantageous for buying, based on historical price actions. This can inform future investment decisions, especially for those employing dollar-cost averaging strategies or looking to optimize entry points.
█ Settings
StartYear: This setting allows the user to specify the starting year for the investment simulation. Changing this value will either extend or shorten the period over which the simulation is run. If a user increases the value, the simulation begins later and covers a shorter historical period; decreasing the value starts the simulation earlier, encompassing a longer time frame.
Capital: Determines the initial amount of capital with which the simulation begins. Increasing this value simulates starting with more capital, which can affect the number of shares that can be initially bought. Decreasing this value simulates starting with less capital.
Contribution: Sets the monthly financial contribution added to the investment within the simulation. A higher contribution increases the investment each month and could lead to more shares being purchased over time. Lowering the contribution decreases the monthly investment amount.
-----------------
Disclaimer
The information contained in my Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems does not constitute financial advice or a solicitation to buy or sell any securities of any type. I will not accept liability for any loss or damage, including without limitation any loss of profit, which may arise directly or indirectly from the use of or reliance on such information.
All investments involve risk, and the past performance of a security, industry, sector, market, financial product, trading strategy, backtest, or individual's trading does not guarantee future results or returns. Investors are fully responsible for any investment decisions they make. Such decisions should be based solely on an evaluation of their financial circumstances, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.
My Scripts/Indicators/Ideas/Algos/Systems are only for educational purposes!
US Yield Curve ComparisonIn finance, the yield curve is a graph which depicts how the yields on debt instruments – such as bonds – vary as a function of their years remaining to maturity. The graph's horizontal or x-axis is a time line of months and years remaining to maturity, with the shortest maturity on the left and progressively longer time periods on the right. The vertical or y-axis depicts the annualized yield to maturity.
To see changes of a definded timeframe, use this indicator to compare the current US yield curve with one in the past.
Rate of Change MachineRate of Change Machine
Author: RWCS_LTD
Disclaimer: This script is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. Trading involves substantial risk, and past performance is not indicative of future results. Always conduct your own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions.
Introduction:
The Rate of Change Machine is a script designed to assist traders in analyzing multiple cryptocurrency trading pairs simultaneously. This comprehensive indicator offers a holistic view of the rate of change and related metrics, aiding traders in making informed decisions.
Asset Selection:
The script enables users to select up to nine different cryptocurrency trading pairs for in-depth analysis.
Volume Calculation:
Volume plays a crucial role in the analysis, with customizable parameters for volume weighting and length.
Relative Strength Calculation:
Relative Strength is determined through two Exponential Moving Averages (EMA) with user-defined lengths.
Timeframe Weightings:
Different timeframes (1D, AVG 3D, AVG 5D, AVG 7D, AVG 14D, AVG 30D) are assigned weightings to calculate a comprehensive trend score.
Weighted Average and Individual Rate of Change (RoC) Calculation:
The getWeightedAvgAndIndividualROC function calculates the RoC for each selected trading pair based on the given timeframes and weights.
Table Setup:
A table is created to display the results for each trading pair, including relative strength, volume trend, RoC for different timeframes, and a weighted trend score.
Table Formatting:
The table is formatted with different colors indicating positive or negative values for easier interpretation.
Table Position and Size:
Users can customize the position and size of the table on the chart.
Data Retrieval:
The script retrieves the calculated values for each trading pair using the request.security function.
Output:
The final output is a table on the chart, showing relevant information for the selected trading pairs, aiding traders in making informed decisions based on the rate of change and other factors. This indicator provides a comprehensive view of the rate of change and related metrics for multiple trading pairs, assisting traders in identifying potential trends and making informed trading decisions.
BetaBeta , also known as the Beta coefficient, is a measure that compares the volatility of an individual underlying or portfolio to the volatility of the entire market, typically represented by a market index like the S&P 500 or an investible product such as the SPY ETF (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust). A Beta value provides insight into how an asset's returns are expected to respond to market swings.
Interpretation of Beta Values
Beta = 1: The asset's volatility is in line with the market. If the market rises or falls, the asset is expected to move correspondingly.
Beta > 1: The asset is more volatile than the market. If the market rises or falls, the asset's price is expected to rise or fall more significantly.
Beta < 1 but > 0: The asset is less volatile than the market. It still moves in the same direction as the market but with less magnitude.
Beta = 0: The asset's returns are not correlated with the market's returns.
Beta < 0: The asset moves in the opposite direction to the market.
Example
A beta of 1.20 relative to the S&P 500 Index or SPY implies that if the S&P's return increases by 1%, the portfolio is expected to increase by 12.0%.
A beta of -0.10 relative to the S&P 500 Index or SPY implies that if the S&P's return increases by 1%, the portfolio is expected to decrease by 0.1%. In practical terms, this implies that the portfolio is expected to be predominantly 'market neutral' .
Calculation & Default Values
The Beta of an asset is calculated by dividing the covariance of the asset's returns with the market's returns by the variance of the market's returns over a certain period (standard period: 1 years, 250 trading days). Hint: It's noteworthy to mention that Beta can also be derived through linear regression analysis, although this technique is not employed in this Beta Indicator.
Formula: Beta = Covariance(Asset Returns, Market Returns) / Variance(Market Returns)
Reference Market: Essentially any reference market index or product can be used. The default reference is the SPY (SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust), primarily due to its investable nature and broad representation of the market. However, it's crucial to note that Beta can also be calculated by comparing specific underlyings, such as two different stocks or commodities, instead of comparing an asset to the broader market. This flexibility allows for a more tailored analysis of volatility and correlation, depending on the user's specific trading or investment focus.
Look-back Period: The standard look-back period is typically 1-5 years (250-1250 trading days), but this can be adjusted based on the user's preference and the specifics of the trading strategy. For robust estimations, use at least 250 trading days.
Option Delta: An optional feature in the Beta Indicator is the ability to select a specific Delta value if options are written on the underlying asset with Deltas less than 1, providing an estimation of the beta-weighted delta of the position. It involves multiplying the beta of the underlying asset by the delta of the option. This addition allows for a more precise assessment of the underlying asset's correspondence with the overall market in case you are an options trader. The default Delta value is set to 1, representing scenarios where no options on the underlying asset are being analyzed. This default setting aligns with analyzing the direct relationship between the asset itself and the market, without the layer of complexity introduced by options.
Calculation: Simple or Log Returns: In the calculation of Beta, users have the option to choose between using simple returns or log returns for both the asset and the market. The default setting is 'Simple Returns'.
Advantages of Using Beta
Risk Management: Beta provides a clear metric for understanding and managing the risk of a portfolio in relation to market movements.
Portfolio Diversification: By knowing the beta of various assets, investors can create a balanced portfolio that aligns with their risk tolerance and investment goals.
Performance Benchmarking: Beta allows investors to compare an asset's risk-adjusted performance against the market or other benchmarks.
Beta-Weighted Deltas for Options Traders
For options traders, understanding the beta-weighted delta is crucial. It involves multiplying the beta of the underlying asset by the delta of the option. This provides a more nuanced view of the option's risk relative to the overall market. However, it's important to note that the delta of an option is dynamic, changing with the asset's price, time to expiration, and other factors.
Portfolio Management [TrendX_]Portfolio Management is a powerful tool that helps you create and manage your own portfolio of stocks, based on your risk and return preferences.
*** Note: You should select the appropriate index for each stock as the benchmark to compare your portfolio’s performance.
*** Note: You should apply the indicator to the same chart as the benchmark, so that it can capture the historical trends of all the 10 stocks in your portfolio.
USAGE
Analyze your portfolio’s return factor, which shows the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of each stock and the portfolio as a whole, as well as the weight of each stock in the portfolio.
The Weighting approach contains 2 options, Equal and Growth-based method:
Customize your portfolio by selecting up to 10 stocks from a wide range of markets and sectors:
Compare your portfolio’s performance with a benchmark of your choice, which is the S&P500 by default setting.
Evaluate your portfolio’s risk factor, which includes the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the portfolio beta, and the Sharpe ratio of both the portfolio and the benchmark:
- CAPM is a model that calculates the expected return of the portfolio based on its risk and the risk-free rate of return.
- Portfolio beta is a measure of how sensitive the portfolio is to the movements of the benchmark. A beta of 1 means the portfolio moves in sync with the benchmark, a beta of less than 1 means the portfolio is less volatile than the benchmark, and a beta of more than 1 means the portfolio is more volatile than the benchmark.
- Sharpe ratio measures how much excess return the portfolio generates per unit of risk. It is calculated by subtracting the risk-free rate of return from the portfolio’s return, and dividing by the portfolio’s standard deviation. A higher Sharpe ratio means the portfolio has a better risk-adjusted return. A Sharpe ratio of more than 1 is considered good, a Sharpe ratio of more than 2 is considered very good, and a Sharpe ratio of more than 3 is considered excellent .
Adjust your portfolio’s rebalancing strategy, which determines when and how to change the weight of each stock in the portfolio to optimize your return and risk objectives. The tool also suggests a default hedging-stock asset, which is the US dollar interpreted through the dollar index (DXY):
- The dollar index is a measure of the value of the US dollar relative to a basket of other major currencies. It is often used as a proxy for the global economic sentiment and the demand for safe-haven assets. A rising dollar index means the US dollar is strengthening, which may indicate a bearish outlook for the stock market. A falling dollar index means the US dollar is weakening, which may indicate a bullish outlook for the stock market.
- The rebalancing strategy suggest increasing the weight of the hedging-stock asset when the dollar index is under positive supertrend condition, and decreasing the weight of the hedging-stock asset when the dollar index is in the downward supertrend. This way, you can hedge against the adverse effects of the stock market fluctuations on your portfolio, simply you can just cash out at the suggested hedging weight.
CONCLUSION
Investors can gain a deeper insight into their portfolio’s performance, risk, and potential, and make informed decisions to achieve their financial goals with confidence and ease.
DISCLAIMER
The results achieved in the past are not all reliable sources of what will happen in the future. There are many factors and uncertainties that can affect the outcome of any endeavor, and no one can guarantee or predict with certainty what will occur.
Therefore, you should always exercise caution and judgment when making decisions based on past performance.
Kaufman Efficiency Ratio-Based Risk PercentageOVERVIEW
The Kaufman Efficiency Ratio-Based Exposure Management indicator uses the Kaufman Efficiency Ratio (KER) to calculate how much you should risk per trade.
If KER is high, then the indicator will tell you to risk more per trade.
A high KER value indicates a trending market, so if you are a trend trader, it makes sense to risk more during these times.
If KER is low, then the indicator will tell you to risk less per trade.
A low KER value indicates a trending market, so if you are a trend trader, it makes sense to risk less during these times.
CONCEPTS
The Kaufman Efficiency Ratio (also known as the Efficiency Ratio, KER, or ER) is a separate indicator developed by Perry J. Kaufman and first published in Kaufman's book, "New Trading Systems and Methods" in 1987.
The KER used to measure the efficiency of a financial instrument's price movement. It is calculated as follows:
KER = (change in price over x bars) / (sum of absolute price changes over x bars)
The first part of the formula, "change in price over x bars" measures the difference between the current close price and the close price x bars ago. The second part of the formula "sum of absolute price changes over x bars" measures the sum of the |open-close| range of each bar between now and x bars ago.
If there is a high change in price over x bars relative to the sum of absolute price changes over x bars, a trending/volatile market is likely in place.
If there is a low change in price over x bars relative to the sum of absolute price changes over x bars, a ranging/choppy market is likely in place.
If you are a trend trader, you can assume that entries taken during high KER periods are more likely to lead to a trend. This indicator helps capitalize on that assumption by increasing risk % per trade during high KER periods, and decreasing risk % per trade during low KER periods.
It uses the following formulas to calculate a KER-adjusted risk % per trade:
Linearly-increasing risk % = min risk + (KER * (max risk - min risk))
Exponentially-increasing risk % = min risk + ((KER^n) * (max risk - min risk))
min risk = the smallest amount you'd be willing to risk on a trade
max risk = the largest amount you'd be willing to risk on a trade
KER = the current Kaufman Efficiency Ratio value
n = an exponent factor used to control the rate of increase of the risk %
Here is an example of how these formulas work:
Assuming that min risk is 0.5%, max risk is 2%, and KER is 0.8 (indicating a trending market), we can calculate the following risk per trade amounts:
Linearly-increasing risk % = 0.5 + (0.8 * (2 - 0.5)) = 1.7%
Exponentially-increasing risk % = 0.5 + ((0.8^3) * (2 - 0.5)) = 1.27%
Now, lets do the same calculations with a lower KER of 0.2 , which indicates a choppy market:
Linearly-increasing risk % = 0.5 + (0.2 * (2 - 0.5)) = 0.8%
Exponentially-increasing risk % = 0.5 + ((0.2^3) * (2 - 0.5)) = 0.51%
With a high KER, we risk more per trade to capitalize on the higher chance of a trending market. With a lower KER, we risk less per trade to protect ourselves from the higher chance of a choppy market.
Turtle Trader StrategyTurtle Trader Strategy :
Introduction :
This strategy is based on the well known « Turtle Trader Strategy », that has proven itself over the years. It sends long and short signals with pyramid orders of up to 5, meaning that the strategy can trigger up to 5 orders in the same direction. Good risk and money management.
It's important to note that the strategy combines 2 systems working together (S1 and S2). Let’s describe the specific features of this strategy.
1/ Position size :
Position size is very important for turtle traders to manage risk properly. This position sizing strategy adapts to market volatility and to account (gains and losses). It’s based on ATR (Average True Range) which can also be called « N ». Its length is per default 20.
ATR(20) = (previous_atr(20)*19 + actual_true_range)/20
The number of units to buy is :
Unit = 1% * account/(ATR(20)*dollar_per_point)
where account is the actual account value and dollar_per_point is the variation in dollar of the asset with a 1 point move.
Depending on your risk aversion, you can increase the percentage of your account, but turtle traders default to 1%. If you trade contracts, units must be rounded down by default.
There is also an additional rule to reduce the risk if the value of the account falls below the initial capital : in this case and only in this case, account in the unit formula must be replace by :
account = actual_account*actual_account/initial capital
2/ Open a position :
2 systems are working together :
System 1 : Entering a new 20 day breakout
System 2 : Entering a new 55 day breakout
A breakout is a new high or new low. If it’s a new high, we open long position and vice versa if it’s a new low we enter in short position.
We add an additional rule :
System 1 : Breakout is ignored if last long/short position was a winner
System 2 : All signals are taken
This additional rule allows the trader to be in the major trends if the system 1 signal has been skipped. If a signal for system 1 has been skipped, and next candle is also a new 20 day breakout, S1 doesn’t give a signal. We have to wait S2 signal or wait for a candle that doesn’t make a new breakout to reactivate S1.
3/ Pyramid orders :
Turtle Strategy allows us to add extra units to the position if the price moves in our favor. I've configured the strategy to allow up to 5 orders to be added in the same direction. So if the price varies from 0.5*ATR(20) , we add units with the position size formula. Note that the value of account will be replaced by "remaining_account", i.e. the cash remaining in our account after subtracting the value of open positions.
4/ Stop Loss :
We set a stop loss at 1.5*ATR(20) below the entry price for longs and above the entry price for shorts. If pyramid units are added, the stop is increased/decreased by 0.5*ATR(20). Note that if SL is configured for a loss of more than 10%, we set the SL to 10% for the first entry order to avoid big losses. This configuration does not work for pyramid orders as SL moves by 0.5*ATR(20).
5/ Exit signals :
System 1 :
Exit long on a 10 day low
Exit short on a 10 day high
System 2 :
Exit long on a 20 day low
Exit short on a 20 day high
6/ What types of orders are placed ?
To enter in a position, stop orders are placed meaning that we place orders that will be automatically triggered by the signal at the exact breakout price. Stop loss and exit signals are also stop orders. Pyramid orders are market orders which will be triggered at the opening of the next candle to avoid repainting.
PARAMETERS :
Risk % of capital : Percentage used in the position size formula. Default is 1%
ATR period : ATR length used to calculate ATR. Default is 20
Stop ATR : Parameters used to fix stop loss. Default is 1.5 meaning that stop loss will be set at : buy_price - 1.5*ATR(20) for long and buy_price + 1.5*ATR(20) for short. Turtle traders default is 2 but 1.5 is better for cryptocurrency as there is a huge volatility.
S1 Long : System 1 breakout length for long. Default is 20
S2 Long : System 2 breakout length for long. Default is 55
S1 Long Exit : System 1 breakout length to exit long. Default is 10
S2 Long Exit : System 2 breakout length to exit long. Default is 20
S1 Short : System 1 breakout length for short. Default is 15
S2 Short : System 2 breakout length for short. Default is 55
S1 Short Exit : System 1 breakout length to exit short. Default is 7
S2 Short Exit : System 2 breakout length to exit short. Default is 20
Initial capital : $1000
Fees : Interactive Broker fees apply to this strategy. They are set at 0.18% of the trade value.
Slippage : 3 ticks or $0.03 per trade. Corresponds to the latency time between the moment the signal is received and the moment the order is executed by the broker.
Pyramiding : Number of orders that can be passed in the same direction. Default is 5.
Important : Turtle traders don't trade crypto. For this specific asset type, I modify some parameters such as SL and Short S1 in order to maximize return while limiting drawdown. This strategy is the most optimal on BINANCE:BTCUSD in 1D timeframe with the parameters set per default. If you want to use this strategy for a different crypto please adapt parameters.
NOTE :
It's important to note that the first entry order (long or short) will be the largest. Subsequent pyramid orders will have fewer units than the first order. We've set a maximum SL for the first order of 10%, meaning that you won't lose more than 10% of the value of your first order. However, it is possible to lose more on your pyramid orders, as the SL is increased/decreased by 0.5*ATR(20), which does not secure a loss of more than 10% on your pyramid orders. The risk remains well managed because the value of these orders is less than the value of the first order. Remain vigilant to this small detail and adjust your risk according to your risk aversion.
Enjoy the strategy and don’t forget to take the trade :)
Normalized Global Net Liquidity + HMA Smoothed RoCThis script calculates "Global Net Liquidity" using various financial data sources, and integrates Rate of Change (RoC) visualization alongside an Equity Hull Moving Average (HMA) plot. It also features an additional "Global Liquidity" metric that is subsequently scaled and plotted.
First, several financial indicators are requested and combined to form the "Global Net Liquidity Indicator." A Rate of Change (RoC) is then calculated, and this RoC, alongside the Equity Hull Moving Average (HMA), is plotted. Next, a "Global Liquidity" measure is formed by combining various financial data.
In summary, this script involves achieving a comprehensive visualization of liquidity-related indicators and measures, providing an inclusive outlook into the nature of global liquidity trends.
The main plot is the 3 liquidity metrics averaged together and normalized then scaled between -1 and 1 for TPI scoring.
You can customize the weighting for each metric, as well as the lookback period for all 3 metrics.
-1 = Negative Trend
1 = Positive Trend
Yellow = Global Net Liquidity
Blue = RoC
Red = Equity HMA
This is insight into global liquidity, and not to be taken in anyway as trading signals. This is an analysis tool to be combined with further research.
Hodl Calculation v1.0I have developed an indicator that calculates the value of our currency if we had periodically bought any stock or cryptocurrency on any exchange. I believe many individuals would be interested in computing such values.
You can customize the start and end times, choose the amount of currency to be used for each deal, and select from two frequency options.
The first option involves specific intervals, such as hourly, every three days, or bi-weekly.
The second option allows purchases at specific dates or times, like every 15th of the month at 12:00 PM, every Monday at 11:00 AM, or every day at 6:00 AM.
After selecting the frequency, the indicator performs calculations and presents statistical information in a table.
The summarized data includes frequency value, total selected period duration, number of deals, total quantity, total cost, current value, and profit/loss status.
Buy and hold visualiserThis indicator shows the historical performance of a buy and hold portfolio. The purpose of the indicator is to show
1. the effect of the hold time (time between buying and selling a number of instruments) and
2. the effect of investing all capital at once (lump sum) versus dividing the investment over a number of months or years (cost averaging).
The indicator shows four lines:
- a dotted line at 0 (dollar or any other currency),
- a dotted line at the level of initial investment,
- a blue line that shows the amount of capital after selling at the end of the investment period after a lump sum investment,
- a green line that shows the amount of capital after selling at the end of the investment period after an investment that was done in chunks (cost averaging)
When 'chunks' is set to 1, the green line will match the blue line.
When 'investment' is set to 1, the blue and green lines will show the factor by which the initial investment was multiplied at the end of the investment period.
The effect of the hold time can be easily seen in the following example: Choose SPX (CBOE) as the active instrument, set 'chunks' to 1 and 'months' to 12. Depending on when you bought your portfolio, selling it a year later is like tossing a coin. Set 'months' to 360 and it becomes clear that it doesn't matter when you buy, the value of your portfolio will likely multiply considerably in 30 years, even if you bought everything all at once just before a bear market. It shows that with a long time horizon, you don't have to worry about timing the market.
Continue the example above and set 'chunks' to 12, thus spreading the initial investment over 12 months. The green line shows the cost averaging performance. The blue lump sum line is above the green line most of the time. Increase the chunks to 60 and the difference increases.
Modern Portfolio TheoryModern Portfolio Theory
The indicator is designed to apply the principles of Modern Portfolio Theory, a financial theory developed by Harry Markowitz. MPT aims to maximize portfolio returns for a given level of risk by diversifying investments.
User Inputs:
Users can customize various parameters, including the bar scale, risk-free rate, and the start year for the portfolio. Additionally, users can assign weights to different assets (symbols) in the portfolio.
Asset Selection:
Users can choose up to 10 different symbols (assets) for the portfolio. The script supports a variety of symbols, including cryptocurrencies such as BTCUSD and ETHUSD.
Weights and Allocation:
Users can assign weights to each selected asset, determining its percentage allocation in the portfolio. The script calculates the total portfolio weight to ensure it equals 100%. If total portfolio weight is lower then 100% you will see orange color with additional cash % bellow
If total portfolio weight is bigger then 100% you will see red big % warning.
Warning: (Total Weight must be 100%)
Cash Mode:
Risk and Return Calculation:
The script calculates the daily returns and standard deviation for each selected asset. These metrics are essential for assessing the risk and return of each asset, as well as the overall portfolio.
Scatter Plot Visualization:
The indicator includes a scatter plot that visualizes the risk-return profile of each asset. Each point on the plot represents an asset, and its position is determined by its risk (X-axis) and return (Y-axis).
Portfolio Optimization:
The script calculates the risk and return of the overall portfolio based on the selected assets and their weights. Based on the selected assets and their weights user can create optimal portfolio with preferable risk and return.
It then plots the portfolio point on the scatter plot, indicating its risk-return profile.
Additional Information:
The indicator provides a table displaying information about each selected asset, including its symbol, weight, and total portfolio weight. The table also shows the total portfolio weight and, if applicable, the percentage allocated to cash.
Visualization and Legend:
The script includes visual elements such as a legend, capital allocation line (CAL), and labels for risk-free rate and key information. This enhances the overall understanding of the portfolio's risk and return characteristics.
User Guidance:
The script provides informative labels and comments to guide users through the interpretation of the scatter plot, risk-return axes, and other key elements.
Interactivity:
Users can interact with the indicator on the TradingView platform, exploring different asset combinations and weightings to observe the resulting changes in the portfolio's risk and return.
In summary, this Pine Script serves as a comprehensive tool for traders and investors interested in applying Modern Portfolio Theory principles to optimize their portfolio allocations based on individual asset characteristics, risk preferences, and return
Annualized ReturnThis is a straightforward tool for investors, offering the capability to select a specific start date and visualize the annualized return of the currently displayed asset.
Annualized return is a crucial metric for investors, as it provides a standardized measure of an investment's performance, making it easier to compare different investments. By annualizing returns, investors can gain insights into the average yearly growth rate of their investments, enabling more informed decision-making and portfolio management .
Selecting various start dates enables users to understand how market timing can influence the success of their investments.
The annualized return is calculated using the following formula :
AnnualizedReturn = (Ending price / Beginning price) ^ (1 / Number of Years) − 1
Leveraged Share Decay Tracker [SS]Releasing this utility tool for leveraged share traders and investors.
It is very difficult to track the amount of decay and efficiency that is associated with leveraged shares and since not all leveraged shares are created equally, I developed this tool to help investors/traders ascertain:
1. The general risk, in $$, per share associated with investing in a particular leveraged ETF
2. The ability of a leveraged share to match what it purports to do (i.e. if it is a 3X Bull share, is it actually returning consistently 3X the underlying or is there a large variance?)
3. The general decay at various timepoints expressed in $$$
How to use:
You need to be opened on the chart of the underlying. In the example above, the chart is on DIA, the leveraged share being tracked is UDOW (3X bull share of the DOW).
Once you are on the chart of the underlying, you then put in the leveraged share of interest. The indicator will perform two major assessments:
1. An analysis of the standard error between the underlying and the leveraged share. This is accomplished through linear regression, but instead of creating a linreg equation, it simply uses the results to ascertain the degree of error associated at various time points (the time points are 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 252).
2. An analysis of the variance of returns. The indicator requires you to put in the leverage amount. So if the leverage amount is 3% (i.e. SPXL or UPRO is 3 X SPY), be sure that you are putting that factor in the settings. It will then modify the underlying to match the leverage amount, and perform an assessment of variance over 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 252 days to ensure stability. This will verify whether the leveraged ETF is actually consistently performing how it purports to perform.
Here are some examples, and some tales of caution so you can see, for yourself, how not all leveraged shares are created equal.
SPY and SPXL:
SPY and UPRO:
XBI and LABU (3 x bull share):
XBI and LABD (3 x bear share):
SOX and SOXL:
AAPL and AAPU:
It is VERY pivotal you remember to check and adjust the Leveraged % factor.
For example, AAPU is leveraged 1.5%. You can see above it tracks this well. However, if you accidently leave it at 3%, you will get an erroneous result:
You can also see how some can fail to track the quoted leveraged amount, but still produce relatively lower risk decay.
And, as a final example, let's take a look at the worst leveraged share of life, BOIL:
Trainwreck that one. Stay far away from it!
The chart:
The chart will show you the drift (money value over time) and the variance (% variance between the expected and actual returns) over time. From here, you can ascertain the general length you feel comfortable holding a leveraged share. In general, for most stable shares, <= 50 trading days tends to be the sweet spot, but always check the chart.
There are also options to plot the variances and the drifts so you can see them visually.
And that is the indicator! Kind of boring, but there are absolutely 0 resources out there for doing this job, so hopefully you see the use for it!
Safe trades everyone!
[Suitable Hope] Crypto Marketcap Dominance OverviewThe Crypto Marketcap Dominance Overview indicator is a simple yet very useful indicator that aims at helping traders identify where the crypto liquidity is flowing. The indicator uses Cryptocap's real time crypto marketcap dominance data (in %) between several key categories:
- Bitcoin
- True total 2 (altcoins and Ethereum excluding the top 3 biggest stablecoins)
- True total 3 (altcoins excl. Ethereum and the top 3 biggest stablecoins)
- Ethereum
- Stablecoins
- Defi.
The indicator works across all timeframes but is best used on the default daily timeframe to identify changes in liquidity trends between the different categories. More categories can be expected to be added in the future; depending on Cryptocap's available data.
Traders or users of this indicator have a selections of options:
- Choose a dedicated timeframe
- Turn on/off the individual categories they wish to use
- Turn on/off labels
- Change global colour coding of each category and label
- Activate or deactive the 0 to 100% bands
Although there are a couple of similar indicators trying to do something similar, I tend to find them lacking clarity. I coded this indicator to provide a more simple and clearer view of the crypto marketcap dominance. I hope you find this indicator helpful.
Happy trading and good luck!
Total Value and Profit for Multiple StocksThis Pine Script code example can be useful for traders and investors who want to monitor and analyze multiple stocks simultaneously on the TradingView platform. Here's a description of how the code can be used and what it is useful for:
1. **Monitoring Multiple Stocks:** The code allows users to input data for up to 10 different stocks, including stock symbols, purchase prices per share, and the number of shares they own. This makes it easy to monitor their portfolio of multiple stocks in one place.
2. **Total Value and Profit:** For each of the entered stocks, the code calculates the total value of the holdings (number of shares multiplied by the current price) and displays it as a label on the chart. It also calculates the profit (or loss) by subtracting the purchase price from the current price per share and multiplying it by the number of shares. This provides traders with a quick overview of how much money they have invested and how much they have earned or lost.
3. **Monitoring Daily Movements:** The code also displays information about the day's price movements, including the lowest and highest prices for the current trading session. It also calculates the price difference since the last closing, providing insight into how the stocks are performing compared to the previous trading day.
4. **Color Coding for Profit/Loss:** The labels displayed on the chart are color-coded. They appear in green if there's a profit and in red if there's a loss. This makes it easy to identify how each stock in the portfolio is performing.
5. **Quick Identification:** With this code, users can quickly identify and focus on the stocks that require attention. They can see which stocks are yielding profits and which are incurring losses, as well as get an overview of the entire portfolio at a glance.
In essence, this code provides traders and investors with the ability to monitor and analyze multiple stocks simultaneously, allowing them to make informed decisions about their portfolio's performance and any adjustments that may need to be made. It also offers a visual way to assess profit or loss for each stock, which can be valuable for risk management and strategy development.
Altcoin ManagerThe Altcoin Manager is a comprehensive script for identifying the current altcoin narrative by tracking and analyzing of a wide array of altcoins across various blockchain layers and categories, such as DeFi, GameFi, AI, and Meme coins. Ideal for traders looking to get a broad yet detailed view of the altcoin market, covering various sectors and chains.
The Key Features:
Versatile Asset Tracking:
Tracks 40 different cryptocurrencies (as of publishing) across different categories, allowing for a diversified and detailed analysis of the altcoin market.
Customizable Assets and Category Analysis:
Select 20 of your own coins across 4 different categories such as DeFi, GameFi, AI, and Meme coins as well as specifying their individual chains.
Dynamic Layer and Chain Analysis:
Includes options to plot and analyze specific blockchain layers and chains such as Ethereum Chain, Solana Chain, BNB Smart Chain, Arbitrum Chain, and Polygon Chain. The script associates various assets with specific blockchains, providing a clearer picture of how different segments of the altcoin market are performing.
Cumulative and Per-Candle Change:
Switch between viewing the total cumulative change since a set start date or the per-candle change, offering flexibility in analyzing price movements over different timeframes.
Denomination Adjustment:
Includes a functionality to denominate asset prices in other currencies or crypto such as BTC, allowing for a more tailored financial analysis according to your preference.
Moving Averages for Categories and Chains:
Calculates and plots moving averages for each category and chain, aiding in the identification of trends over the selected moving average length.
How do I use it?
This script is not used with any particular chart. Instead, assign it it's own tab and layout.
For a clearer analysis, use multiple different panels to track Categories and Chains separately, both Cumulative for a longer term analysis and Per-Candle to find ongoing breakouts and changes in trend.
You can either use the pre-selected altcoins to represent the market, or you can select your own.
The Layer 1 and Layer 2 are not customizable but consists of 15 popular Layer 1 incl Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana etc. Layer 2 consists of 5 popular Layer 2.
Scale In : Scale OutScale In : Scale Out strategy is an adaptation and extension of dollar-cost-averaging.
As the name implies it not only scales in - allocates a given percentage of available capital to buy at each bar - it also scales out - sells a given percentage of holdings at each bar when a target profit level is reached.
The strategy can potentially mitigate risks associated with market timing.
Although dollar-cost-averaging is often recommended as a strategy for building a position, the management of taking and retaining profits is not often addressed. This strategy demonstrates the potential benefits of managing both the building and (full or partial) liquidation of an investment.
We do not provide any mechanism for managing stop losses. We assume a scale in/out strategy will typically be applied to investing in assets with a high conviction thesis based on criteria external to the strategy. If the strategy does not perform, then the thesis may need to be re-evaluated, and the position liquidated. Even in this case, scaling out should still be considered.
