NZD USD - FUNDAMENTAL DRIVERS
NZD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
At their April meeting the RBNZ surprise economists but not STIR markets by delivering a 50bsp hike, taking the OCR to 1.50%. The bank stressed, like most others, that inflation is a concern and that they will ensure that higher price pressures don’t become embedded in longer-term inflation expectations. The NZD initially pushed higher after the 50bsp hike (surprising economists) but it faded initial strength to trade much lower (as a 50bsp was almost fully priced by STIR markets). The statement reflected the hawkish tone we’ve grown accustomed to see from the bank over the past few months with the Committee saying they agreed that their policy ‘path of least regrets’ was to increase the OCR by 50bsp now rather than later, and of course stated that more hikes are needed (in line with their OCR projections). The one less hawkish element for the decision was that the bank didn’t increase their neutral rate expectations and instead said they are comfortable with their February MPS OCR outlook. The markets wanted to see a clear promise of more 50bsp hikes or alternatively wanted to see an increase of the neutral rate expectations, and without either of those the 50bsp hike was simply seen as front-loading. As a result of this, money markets were pricing in just a 25bsp for May for the majority of Wednesday. But after calls from Westpac, ASB and Kiwibank for a 50bsp in May we saw the NZD regain some composure on Thursday as STIR markets priced in a 60% chance of a 50bsp hike. The RBNZ remain hawkish, but a lot of that is arguably priced in and might not continue to offer much more support for the NZD.
2. Economic outlook
The econ outlook looks solid as growth & inflation is expected to accelerate, home prices up 30%, commodity prices supported, and a ratified trade deal with China (opening more Chinese markets for NZ goods). Given its trade with China and Australia the recent Covid situation in China is a short-term negative for the NZD.
3. Global Risk Outlook
As a high-beta currency, the NZD usually benefits from overall positive risk sentiment as well as environments that benefit pro-cyclical assets. Thus, both short-term (immediate) and med-term (underlying) risk sentiment will always be a key consideration for the NZD.
4. CFTC Analysis
An overall mixed positioning signal for the past week. The NZD has been trading poorly in recent weeks due to the recent risk sentiment turmoil, and also means if risk can make a bit of a comeback, it could provide some short-term relief for the NZD which is looking a bit stretched.
5. The Week Ahead
For the NZD it will be a very light week on the data side. That means the focus will fall to any residual reaction following last week’s RBNZ meeting where the bank surprised markets on the hawkish side by increasing their terminal rate projections and urging stronger policy action to combat rising cost pressures. Over the past few months, the NZD has not really been trading in line with its fundamental bias, which does make it tricky to trade following the RBNZ meeting last week. Even though the currency has been looking a bit tactically stretched on the short side, we didn’t see any substantial follow through in NZD upside following the hawkish surprise last week. That doesn’t mean we won’t see any more upside of course, but it does mean we want to be a bit careful in trading the NZD purely based on its fundamental outlook. As always, risk sentiment will also be in focus, especially after another stronger close for equities on Friday. Any continuation in that positive risk sentiment should offer some support for the NZD, while a resumption of the negative mood is expected to weigh on the currency.
USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy At the May meeting, the Fed delivered on hawkish expectations regarding rates by hiking the Fed Funds Rate by 50bsp and also confirmed that the committee expects further 50bsp hikes to be appropriate. The fed also stuck to a familiar hawkish tone by downplaying the prospects of an imminent recession by explaining that even though the economy contracted in Q1, that household spending and business investment remained strong. The Chair also stuck to their guns regarding the rate path by suggesting that they think reaching neutral (currently estimated at 2.4%) before year-end would be appropriate and will assess the need for further hikes when they get there. There were however some less hawkish elements which saw a very classic ‘sell-the-fact’ reaction in major asset classes. The first one was on the Quantitative Tightening front where the bank decided on a phased approach for balance sheet reduction by starting the monthly caps at 30bn (treasuries) and 17.5bn ( MBS ) and pushing it up to the expected 60bn (treasuries) and
35BN ( MBS ) over a three-month timeframe. The second less hawkish element was comments from Chair Powell who took 75bsp hikes off the table saying the committee was not actively considering rate moves of that size. Interestingly, it seems STIR markets did not really believe the Fed as the probability of a 75bsp hike stood at >70% directly following the presser. All-in-all, the meeting provided a short-term ‘sell-the-fact’ opportunity, but also cemented the view that despite signs of a slowing economy and despite clear stress in financial markets, the Fed is sticking to their aggressive tightening for now.
2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. The USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slows (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). Thus, current expectations of a cyclical slowdown are a positive driver for the Dollar. Incoming data will be watched in relation to the ‘Fed Put’ as there are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightened into a slowdown. If growth data slows and the Fed stays hawkish it’s a positive for the USD, however if the Fed pivots dovish that’ll be a negative driver for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
Aggregate USD positioning remains close to 1 standard deviation above the mean, and close to prior tops where the USD topped out in previous cycles. That does not change the bullish outlook for the USD in the med-term but means that we would wait for pullbacks before initiating new med-term longs.
4. The Week Ahead
For the week ahead the focus will fall on the latest PMI releases and of course Friday’s NFP. From the start of the year the USD has been mostly supported on bad data as markets were pricing in a global slowdown in growth. However, the USD’s reaction change, to economic data (negative data impacting the USD negatively) has been important. We think this could be a first step for markets to start pricing in higher probabilities of a less aggressive Fed if negative data continues to build. For the past few months, the labour market data has been solid, not showing the same type of slowing as we’ve seen in other parts of the economy. This should not be much of a surprise as labour data is usually considered as a lagging indicator, meaning that a slowdown in the economy will take longer to show up in the labour market. Even though the data has been solid, we’ve already heard from very big Tech giants like Microsoft , Amazon, Twitter and Facebook that they are planning to slowdown hiring. If the slowdown starts showing up in the labour market, it could add additional pressure on the USD and US10Y . A surprise miss could create some risk positive price action and some USD downside which could offer some attractive short-term opportunities. Risk sentiment will be important to watch after last week’s recovery in risk assets. On the other hand, if the recent risk positive price action runs out of steam, it should be supportive for the USD. For now, the USD is still looking tactically stretched, so we would prefer to look for some short-term downside on a big miss in US economic data as opposed to entering new med-term longs.
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
At their April meeting the RBNZ surprise economists but not STIR markets by delivering a 50bsp hike, taking the OCR to 1.50%. The bank stressed, like most others, that inflation is a concern and that they will ensure that higher price pressures don’t become embedded in longer-term inflation expectations. The NZD initially pushed higher after the 50bsp hike (surprising economists) but it faded initial strength to trade much lower (as a 50bsp was almost fully priced by STIR markets). The statement reflected the hawkish tone we’ve grown accustomed to see from the bank over the past few months with the Committee saying they agreed that their policy ‘path of least regrets’ was to increase the OCR by 50bsp now rather than later, and of course stated that more hikes are needed (in line with their OCR projections). The one less hawkish element for the decision was that the bank didn’t increase their neutral rate expectations and instead said they are comfortable with their February MPS OCR outlook. The markets wanted to see a clear promise of more 50bsp hikes or alternatively wanted to see an increase of the neutral rate expectations, and without either of those the 50bsp hike was simply seen as front-loading. As a result of this, money markets were pricing in just a 25bsp for May for the majority of Wednesday. But after calls from Westpac, ASB and Kiwibank for a 50bsp in May we saw the NZD regain some composure on Thursday as STIR markets priced in a 60% chance of a 50bsp hike. The RBNZ remain hawkish, but a lot of that is arguably priced in and might not continue to offer much more support for the NZD.
2. Economic outlook
The econ outlook looks solid as growth & inflation is expected to accelerate, home prices up 30%, commodity prices supported, and a ratified trade deal with China (opening more Chinese markets for NZ goods). Given its trade with China and Australia the recent Covid situation in China is a short-term negative for the NZD.
3. Global Risk Outlook
As a high-beta currency, the NZD usually benefits from overall positive risk sentiment as well as environments that benefit pro-cyclical assets. Thus, both short-term (immediate) and med-term (underlying) risk sentiment will always be a key consideration for the NZD.
4. CFTC Analysis
An overall mixed positioning signal for the past week. The NZD has been trading poorly in recent weeks due to the recent risk sentiment turmoil, and also means if risk can make a bit of a comeback, it could provide some short-term relief for the NZD which is looking a bit stretched.
5. The Week Ahead
For the NZD it will be a very light week on the data side. That means the focus will fall to any residual reaction following last week’s RBNZ meeting where the bank surprised markets on the hawkish side by increasing their terminal rate projections and urging stronger policy action to combat rising cost pressures. Over the past few months, the NZD has not really been trading in line with its fundamental bias, which does make it tricky to trade following the RBNZ meeting last week. Even though the currency has been looking a bit tactically stretched on the short side, we didn’t see any substantial follow through in NZD upside following the hawkish surprise last week. That doesn’t mean we won’t see any more upside of course, but it does mean we want to be a bit careful in trading the NZD purely based on its fundamental outlook. As always, risk sentiment will also be in focus, especially after another stronger close for equities on Friday. Any continuation in that positive risk sentiment should offer some support for the NZD, while a resumption of the negative mood is expected to weigh on the currency.
USD
FUNDAMENTAL BIAS: BULLISH
1. Monetary Policy
Monetary Policy At the May meeting, the Fed delivered on hawkish expectations regarding rates by hiking the Fed Funds Rate by 50bsp and also confirmed that the committee expects further 50bsp hikes to be appropriate. The fed also stuck to a familiar hawkish tone by downplaying the prospects of an imminent recession by explaining that even though the economy contracted in Q1, that household spending and business investment remained strong. The Chair also stuck to their guns regarding the rate path by suggesting that they think reaching neutral (currently estimated at 2.4%) before year-end would be appropriate and will assess the need for further hikes when they get there. There were however some less hawkish elements which saw a very classic ‘sell-the-fact’ reaction in major asset classes. The first one was on the Quantitative Tightening front where the bank decided on a phased approach for balance sheet reduction by starting the monthly caps at 30bn (treasuries) and 17.5bn ( MBS ) and pushing it up to the expected 60bn (treasuries) and
35BN ( MBS ) over a three-month timeframe. The second less hawkish element was comments from Chair Powell who took 75bsp hikes off the table saying the committee was not actively considering rate moves of that size. Interestingly, it seems STIR markets did not really believe the Fed as the probability of a 75bsp hike stood at >70% directly following the presser. All-in-all, the meeting provided a short-term ‘sell-the-fact’ opportunity, but also cemented the view that despite signs of a slowing economy and despite clear stress in financial markets, the Fed is sticking to their aggressive tightening for now.2. Global & Domestic Economy
As the reserve currency, the USD’s global usage means it’s usually inversely correlated to the global economy and global trade. The USD usually appreciates when growth & inflation slows (disinflation) and depreciates when growth & inflation accelerates (reflation). Thus, current expectations of a cyclical slowdown are a positive driver for the Dollar. Incoming data will be watched in relation to the ‘Fed Put’ as there are many similarities between now and 4Q18, where the Fed were also tightened into a slowdown. If growth data slows and the Fed stays hawkish it’s a positive for the USD, however if the Fed pivots dovish that’ll be a negative driver for the USD.
3. CFTC Analysis
Aggregate USD positioning remains close to 1 standard deviation above the mean, and close to prior tops where the USD topped out in previous cycles. That does not change the bullish outlook for the USD in the med-term but means that we would wait for pullbacks before initiating new med-term longs.
4. The Week Ahead
For the week ahead the focus will fall on the latest PMI releases and of course Friday’s NFP. From the start of the year the USD has been mostly supported on bad data as markets were pricing in a global slowdown in growth. However, the USD’s reaction change, to economic data (negative data impacting the USD negatively) has been important. We think this could be a first step for markets to start pricing in higher probabilities of a less aggressive Fed if negative data continues to build. For the past few months, the labour market data has been solid, not showing the same type of slowing as we’ve seen in other parts of the economy. This should not be much of a surprise as labour data is usually considered as a lagging indicator, meaning that a slowdown in the economy will take longer to show up in the labour market. Even though the data has been solid, we’ve already heard from very big Tech giants like Microsoft , Amazon, Twitter and Facebook that they are planning to slowdown hiring. If the slowdown starts showing up in the labour market, it could add additional pressure on the USD and US10Y . A surprise miss could create some risk positive price action and some USD downside which could offer some attractive short-term opportunities. Risk sentiment will be important to watch after last week’s recovery in risk assets. On the other hand, if the recent risk positive price action runs out of steam, it should be supportive for the USD. For now, the USD is still looking tactically stretched, so we would prefer to look for some short-term downside on a big miss in US economic data as opposed to entering new med-term longs.
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